ÅŒkubo clan
ÅŒkubo clan | |
---|---|
ÅŒkubo clan crest | |
Home province | Mikawa |
Parent house | Fujiwara clan via the Utsunomiya clan |
Titles | daimyo, viscount |
Founder | ÅŒkubo Tadatoshi |
Final ruler | ÅŒkubo Tadayoshi (II) |
Founding year | 15th century |
Dissolution | still extant |
Ruled until | 1873 (Abolition of the han system) |
Cadet branches | four cadet branches to the Meiji Restoration |
The ÅŒkubo clan (大久ä¿æ° ÅŒkubo-shi) were a samurai kin group which rose to prominence in the Sengoku period and the Edo periods.[1] Under the Tokugawa shogunate, the ÅŒkubo, as hereditary vassels of the Tokugawa clan, were classified as one of the fudai daimyÅ clans.[2]
ÅŒkubo clan genealogy
The Ōkubo clan traces its origins to 16th century Mikawa province.[2] The Ōkubo claimed descent from the Utsunomiya clan, descendants of Fujiwara no Michikane (955–995).[3] Ōkubo Tadatoshi (1499–1581) and his younger brother Ōkubo Tadakazu (1511–1583) were the first to abandon the Utaunomiya name for "Ōkubo". Both brothers were among the seven closest retainers of Matsudaira Hirotada, the father of Tokugawa Ieyasu.
Main branch
- ÅŒkubo Tadayo (1531–1593), the son of ÅŒkubo Tadakazu, participated as a general in all the military campaigns of Tokugawa Ieyasu. In 1590, upon the transfer of Ieyasu to the Kanto region, he was rewarded with formal recognition as a daimyÅ,[2] and the clan was established in the han of Odawara (45,000 koku) in Sagami province, where the ÅŒkubo were made castellans Odawara castle.[4] The main branch of ÅŒkubo clan consists of his family and their descendants.[3]
- Ōkubo Tadachika (1553–1628) succeeded his father at Odawara, and the revenues of the han had increased to 70,000 koku. In 1614 Tadachika was accused of participation in the plot of Tokugawa Tadateru against his brother, Shogun Tokugawa Hidetada; and the Ōkubo were dispossessed. Tadahicka was confined at Hikone in Ōmi province.[3]
- ÅŒkubo Tadamoto (1604–1670) was implicated initially in the disgrace of his grandfather; however, he was installed in 1632 at KanÅ Domain (50,000 koku) in Mino province, and then he was transferred in 1639 to Akashi Domain in Harima province. He was transferred again in 1649 to Karatsu Domain (90,000 koku) in Hizen province, and he was moved again in 1678 to Sakura Domain in ShimÅsa Province. This senior branch of the ÅŒkubo was restored to Odawara Domain (100,000 koku), where they resided until the Meiji restoration. The final daimyÅ of Odawara Domain, ÅŒkubo Tadayoshi died in the Satsuma Rebellion.
The head of this clan, ÅŒkubo Tadanori line was ennobled as a viscount ("shishaku") in the kazoku peerage system.[3]
Cadet lines
- A cadet branch was created in 1601 for Ōkubo Tadasuke (1537–1613), the second son of Ōkubo Tadakazu, who had served as a general in the armies of Tokugawa Ieyasu. Ōkubo Tadasuke was given Numazu Castle and assigned Numazu Domain (20,000 koku) in Suruga province; however, he died without leaving any heirs, and the domain reverted to the shogunate.[3]
- A cadet branch of the ÅŒkubo was created in 1684. The descendants of ÅŒkubo Tadatame (1554–1616), the sixth son of ÅŒkubo Tadakazu, has served as hatamoto to the Tokugawa shogunate. In 1687, ÅŒkubo Tadataka had amassed a revenue base of 10,000 koku, which qualified him to join the ranks of the daimyÅ. His son, ÅŒkubo Tsuneharu (1675–1728) was assigned to Karasuyama Domain (30,000 koku) in Shimotsuke province in 1725, where his descendants remained until the Meiji restoration. The head of this clan line, ÅŒkubo Tadayori, was ennobled as a "Viscount" in the Meiji period.[3]
- A cadet branch of the Ōkubo was created in 1706. This clan line was instituted for the descendants of Ōkubo Norihiro (1657–1737), who were installed at Ogino-Yamanaka Domain (13,000 koku) in Sagami province from 1718 through 1868. The head of this clan line was ennobled as a "Viscount" in the Meiji period.[3]
Indirect ÅŒkubo kazoku lines
- ÅŒkubo Toshimichi, 1830-1878—1st Finance Minister & 1st Home Minister of Meiji's government.[5] GenrÅ.[6] was the son of a low-ranking samurai in the service of the Satsuma clan in Kagoshima. He claimed descent from a branch of the ÅŒkubo clan who migrated to Satsuma Province from Kyoto during the Sengoku period. For his services to the Meiji government, he was made a marquess (koshaku) under the kazoku peerage in 1884.[3]
- In 1877, a former samurai from Suruga Province, ÅŒkubo Ichio (1817–1888) was ennobled as a "Viscount" under the kazoku system.[3] ÅŒkubo Ichio had served as councilor to the last five Tokugawa Shoguns, and during the Boshin War, had served as an emissary for Tokugawa Yoshinobu to negotiate the surrender of Edo to imperial forces. Under the Meiji government, he served as appointed governor of Shizuoka (1870) and Kyoto (1875), and as a member of the GenrÅin (1877). He was also known as ÅŒkubo Tadahiro.
Notes
- ↑ Meyer, Eva-Maria. "Gouverneure von Kyôto in der Edo-Zeit." Universität Tübingen (in German)
- 1 2 3 Appert, Georges. (1888). Ancien Japon, p. 75
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Papinot, Edmund. (2003). Nobiliare du Japon -- Ōkubo, p. 46; Papinot, Jacques Edmond Joseph. (1906). Dictionnaire d’histoire et de géographie du Japon; retrieved 2012-11-7
- ↑ Odawara castle
- ↑ Röhl, William. (2005). History of Law in Japan Since 1868, p. 98; Acton, John et al. (1906). The Cambridge Modern History, p. 865. London: Macmillan & Company
- ↑ McLaren, Walter. (1966). A Political History of Japan: During the Meiji Era, 1867-1912, p. 117
References
- Dalberg-Acton, John, George Walter Prothero and Adolphus William Ward and Stanley Mordaunt Leathes. (1906). The Cambridge Modern History, p. 865. London: Macmillan & Company
- Appert, Georges and H. Kinoshita. (1888). Ancien Japon. Tokyo: Imprimerie Kokubunsha
- McLaren, Walter. (1966). A Political History of Japan: During the Meiji Era, 1867-1912.. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-7146-2018-1
- Meyer, Eva-Maria. (1999). Japans Kaiserhof in de Edo-Zeit: Unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Jahre 1846 bis 1867. Münster: Tagenbuch. ISBN 3-8258-3939-7
- Papinot, Edmund. (1906) Dictionnaire d'histoire et de géographie du japon. Tokyo: Librarie Sansaisha...Click link for digitized 1906 Nobiliaire du japon (2003)
- Röhl, William. (2005). History of Law in Japan Since 1868. Leiden: Brill Publishers. ISBN 90-04-08591-2
- Sasaki, Suguru. (2002). Boshin sensÅ: haisha no Meiji ishin. Tokyo: ChÅ«ÅkÅron-shinsha
External links
- National Diet Library: ÅŒkubo Toshimichi, text and image
- (Japanese) "ÅŒkubo-shi" on Harimaya.com (23 Feb. 2008)