1275
Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
---|---|
Centuries: | 12th century – 13th century – 14th century |
Decades: | 1240s 1250s 1260s – 1270s – 1280s 1290s 1300s |
Years: | 1272 1273 1274 – 1275 – 1276 1277 1278 |
1275 by topic | |
Politics | |
State leaders – Sovereign states | |
Birth and death categories | |
Births – Deaths | |
Establishments and disestablishments categories | |
Establishments – Disestablishments | |
Art and literature | |
1275 in poetry | |
Gregorian calendar | 1275 MCCLXXV |
Ab urbe condita | 2028 |
Armenian calendar | 724 ԹՎ ՉԻԴ |
Assyrian calendar | 6025 |
Bengali calendar | 682 |
Berber calendar | 2225 |
English Regnal year | 3 Edw. 1 – 4 Edw. 1 |
Buddhist calendar | 1819 |
Burmese calendar | 637 |
Byzantine calendar | 6783–6784 |
Chinese calendar | 甲戌年 (Wood Dog) 3971 or 3911 — to — 乙亥年 (Wood Pig) 3972 or 3912 |
Coptic calendar | 991–992 |
Discordian calendar | 2441 |
Ethiopian calendar | 1267–1268 |
Hebrew calendar | 5035–5036 |
Hindu calendars | |
- Vikram Samvat | 1331–1332 |
- Shaka Samvat | 1197–1198 |
- Kali Yuga | 4376–4377 |
Holocene calendar | 11275 |
Igbo calendar | 275–276 |
Iranian calendar | 653–654 |
Islamic calendar | 673–674 |
Japanese calendar | Bun'ei 12 / Kenji 1 (建治元年) |
Julian calendar | 1275 MCCLXXV |
Korean calendar | 3608 |
Minguo calendar | 637 before ROC 民前637年 |
Thai solar calendar | 1817–1818 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1275. |
Year 1275 (MCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Africa
- The troops of the Marinid dynasty take the city of Algiers, at that time independent.[1]
Asia
- March – The 200,000 multiethnic troops of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty, headed by the Turkish commander Bayan, face a Chinese Song dynasty army of 130,000 led by the Song Chancellor Jia Sidao. The result is a decisive victory for the Yuan dynasty, and soon after the much-vilified Jia Sidao is stripped of rank and title, and killed by one of his own guards as he is sent to exile in Fujian by the Song court.
- March 4 – Chinese astronomers observe a total eclipse of the Sun in China.
- The invading forces of the Yuan dynasty capture the Song dynasty city of Suzhou.
- Marco Polo purportedly visits Xanadu, Kublai Khan's summer capital of the Yuan dynasty.
- The city of Kunming is made capital of the Yunnan province of the Mongol Yuan dynasty.
- Nestorian monk Rabban Bar Sauma begins his pilgrimage from China towards Jerusalem.
- The Japanese era Bun'ei ends, and the Kenji era begins.
Europe
- April 22 – The first Statute of Westminster is passed by the English Parliament, establishing a series of laws in its 51 clauses, including equal treatment of rich and poor, free and fair elections, and definition of bailable and non-bailable offenses.
- June 14 – Valdemar, King of Sweden is defeated by his brother Magnus in the Battle of Hova, after which Magnus deposes him.
- July 22 – Magnus is elected new king of Sweden.
- October 8 – Battle of Ronaldsway: Scottish forces defeat the Manx of the Isle of Man in a decisive battle, firmly establishing Scottish rule of the island.
- October 27 – Floris V, Count of Holland, gives the city of Amsterdam independence of taxes.
- Eleanor de Montfort is captured by pirates in the employ of Edward I of England to prevent her marriage to Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, prince of Wales; she is used as a bargaining chip over the coming years in Edward's attempts to subjugate Llywelyn and Wales.
- The Mongol Golden Horde raids Lithuania for the third time.
- Around Ciney, in present day Wallonia, start of the War of the Cow (end in 1278).
- The first main survey of the Hundred Rolls, an English census seen as a follow-up to the Domesday Book completed in 1086, is finished; it began in 1274.
By topic
Arts
- Jean de Meun completes the French allegorical work of fiction, Roman de la Rose, with a second section; the first section was written by Guillaume de Lorris in 1230.
Markets
- In Ghent, first recorded instance of emission of life annuities by a town in the Low Countries, this event confirms a trend of consolidation of local public debt in north-western Europe initiated in 1218 by Reims.[2]
Technology
- The verge escapement, a simple type of escapement used in clocks, is invented (exact year unknown).
Religion
- Ramon Llull establishes a school in Majorca to teach Arabic to preachers in an attempt to aid proselytizing to Moors. He also discovers diethyl ether.
- The era of the tosafot (medieval commentators on the Talmud) ends (began 1100).
Births
- John II, Duke of Brabant (d. 1312)
- Bartholomew de Badlesmere, 1st Baron Badlesmere (d. 1322)
- Dnyaneshwar, Indian Hindu Marathi saint, philosopher and poet (d. 1296)
- Mondino de Liuzzi, Italian physician and anatomist (d. 1326)
- Giovanni d'Andrea, Italian jurist
- approximate year of birth: -
- William of Alnwick, Franciscan theologian (d. 1333)
- Walter V, Count of Brienne, Duke of Athens (d. 1311)
- Gediminas, Duke of Lithuania (d. 1341)
- Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1313)
- John de Menteith, Scottish nobleman (d. 1323)
- Giovanni Villani, Florentine writer (d. 1348)
Deaths
- April 13 – Eleanor of England (b. 1215)
- August 15 – Lorenzo Tiepolo, Doge of Venice
- September 24 – Humphrey de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford, Constable of England (b. 1208)
- September – Ferdinand de la Cerda, Crown Prince of Castile
- date unknown
- Bohemond VI of Antioch (b. 1237)
- Geoffrey of Briel, Baron of Karytaina
References
- ↑ Meynier, Gilbert (2010). L'Algérie cœur du Maghreb classique. De l'ouverture islamo-arabe au repli (658-1518). Paris: La Découverte. p. 158. ISBN 978-2-7071-5231-2.
- ↑ Zuijderduijn, Jaco (2009). Medieval Capital Markets. Markets for renten, state formation and private investment in Holland (1300-1550). Leiden/Boston: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-17565-5.
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