1285

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	12th century – 13th century – 14th century
Decades:	1250s  1260s  1270s  – 1280s –  1290s  1300s  1310s
Years:	1282 1283 1284 – 1285 – 1286 1287 1288

1285 by topic

Politics

State leaders – Sovereign states

Birth and death categories

Births – Deaths

Establishments and disestablishments categories

Establishments – Disestablishments

Art and literature

1285 in poetry

1285 in other calendars

Gregorian calendar	1285 MCCLXXXV
Ab urbe condita	2038
Armenian calendar	734 Ô¹ÕŽ Õ‰Ô¼Ô´
Assyrian calendar	6035
Bengali calendar	692
Berber calendar	2235
English Regnal year	13 Edw. 1 â€“ 14 Edw. 1
Buddhist calendar	1829
Burmese calendar	647
Byzantine calendar	6793–6794
Chinese calendar	甲申年 (Wood Monkey) 3981 or 3921     â€” to â€” 乙酉年 (Wood Rooster) 3982 or 3922
Coptic calendar	1001–1002
Discordian calendar	2451
Ethiopian calendar	1277–1278
Hebrew calendar	5045–5046
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1341–1342
- Shaka Samvat	1207–1208
- Kali Yuga	4386–4387
Holocene calendar	11285
Igbo calendar	285–286
Iranian calendar	663–664
Islamic calendar	683–684
Japanese calendar	Kōan 8 (弘安８年)
Julian calendar	1285 MCCLXXXV
Korean calendar	3618
Minguo calendar	627 before ROC 民前627年
Thai solar calendar	1827–1828

Year 1285 (MCCLXXXV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

By area

Africa

• Mansa Sakura usurps the throne of the Mali Empire

Asia

• April 25 – Mamluk sultan Al Mansur Qalawun begins a siege of the Crusader fortress of Margat (in modern-day Syria), a major stronghold of the Knights Hospitaller thought to be impregnable; he captures the fortress a month later.
• June 14 – Trần HÆ°ng Đạo leads Vietnamese forces in victory over an invading Mongol fleet of the Yuan dynasty at Chuong Duong.

Europe

• January 6 – Archbishop Jakub Åšwinka orders all priests subject to his bishopry in Poland to deliver sermons in Polish rather than German, thus further unifying the Catholic Church in Poland and fostering a national identity.
• April – Chios is captured by Venetian raiders from its Genoese lords. It is later retaken.
• Easter – The Second Statute of Westminster is passed in England, reforming various laws; it includes the clause de donis conditionalibus, considered one of the fundamental institutes of medieval law in England.
• September 4 – Roger of Lauria defeats King Philip III of France in a naval battle off Barcelona.
• The writ Circumspecte Agatis, issued by King Edward I of England, defines the jurisdictions of church and state in England, thereby limiting the church's judicial powers to ecclesiastical cases only.

By topic

Arts

• The English romantic poem The Lay of Havelok the Dane is written (approximate date).

Markets

• First record of an emission of life annuities by the city of Lübeck. It is the first instance of issue of public debt in Germany and it confirms a trend of consolidation of local public debt over north-western Europe (see 1228).^[1]
• The county of Champagne is integrated into the kingdom of France, the region loses its haven characteristics for foreign merchants and the fairs of Troyes quickly dwindle into economic insignificance.^[2]

Religion

• April 2 – Pope Honorius IV succeeds Pope Martin IV, to become the 190th pope.

Births

• March 9 – Emperor Go-Nijo of Japan (d. 1308)
• May 1 – Edmund FitzAlan, 9th Earl of Arundel, English politician (d. 1326)
• December 6 – King Ferdinand IV of Castile (d. 1312)
• date unknown
  • Al-Nasr Muhammad, sultan of Egypt (d. 1341)
  • Ziauddin Barani, historian and political thinker of the Delhi Sultanate (d. 1357)
  • Patrick Dunbar, 9th Earl of Dunbar (d. 1369)

Deaths

• January 7 – King Charles I of Sicily (b. 1227)
• March 24 – Daumantas, Grand Prince of Lithuania
• March 28 – Pope Martin IV
• May 13 – Robert de Ros, 1st Baron de Ros
• May 20 – John II of Jerusalem, King of Cyprus (b. 1259)
• July 7 – Tile Kolup, German impostor claiming to be Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (executed)
• August 16 – Philip I of Savoy (b. 1207)
• October 5 – King Philip III of France (b. 1245)
• November 11 – King Peter III of Aragon (b. 1239)
• date unknown –
  • Rutebeuf, French troubadour
  • Izz al-Din ibn Shaddad, Arab historian (b. 1217)

References

1. Zuijderduijn, Jaco (2009). Medieval Capital Markets. Markets for renten, state formation and private investment in Holland (1300-1550). Leiden/Boston: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-17565-5.
2. Abu-Lughod, Janet L. (1991). Before European Hegemony: The World System A.D. 1250-1350. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-506774-6.