YWHAG

Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, gamma
PDB rendering based on 2b05.
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB List of PDB id codes 2B05​, 3UZD​, 4E2E​, 4J6S​, 4O46​
Identifiers
Symbols	YWHAG ; 14-3-3GAMMA; PPP1R170
External IDs	OMIM: 605356 MGI: 108109 HomoloGene: 22725 ChEMBL: 1293296 GeneCards: YWHAG Gene
Gene ontology Molecular function • protein kinase C binding • insulin-like growth factor receptor binding • protein binding • protein kinase C inhibitor activity • protein domain specific binding • poly(A) RNA binding Cellular component • cytosol • focal adhesion • membrane • cytoplasmic vesicle membrane • myelin sheath • extracellular exosome Biological process • G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle • mitotic cell cycle • transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter • negative regulation of protein kinase activity • protein targeting • apoptotic process • organelle organization • small GTPase mediated signal transduction • regulation of signal transduction • gene expression • programmed cell death • regulation of neuron differentiation • regulation of synaptic plasticity • membrane organization • negative regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity • intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway • positive regulation of protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane involved in apoptotic signaling pathway Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	7532	22628
Ensembl	ENSG00000170027	ENSMUSG00000051391
UniProt	P61981	P61982
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_012479	NM_018871
RefSeq (protein)	NP_036611	NP_061359
Location (UCSC)	Chr 7: 76.33 – 76.36 Mb	Chr 5: 135.91 – 135.93 Mb
PubMed search

14-3-3 protein gamma is a protein that in humans is encoded by the YWHAG gene.^[1][2]

This gene product belongs to the 14-3-3 protein family which mediate signal transduction by binding to phosphoserine-containing proteins. This highly conserved protein family is found in both plants and mammals, and this protein is 100% identical to the rat ortholog. It is induced by growth factors in human vascular smooth muscle cells, and is also highly expressed in skeletal and heart muscles, suggesting an important role for this protein in muscle tissue. It has been shown to interact with RAF1 and protein kinase C, proteins involved in various signal transduction pathways.^[3]

Interactions

YWHAG has been shown to interact with C-Raf,^[2][4][5] EPB41L3,^[4][6] KIF1C^[7] and Stratifin.^[8]

References

1. Horie M, Suzuki M, Takahashi E, Tanigami A (November 1999). "Cloning, expression, and chromosomal mapping of the human 14-3-3gamma gene (YWHAG) to 7q11.23". Genomics 60 (2): 241–3. doi:10.1006/geno.1999.5887. PMID 10486217.
2. Autieri MV, Carbone CJ (August 1999). "14-3-3Gamma interacts with and is phosphorylated by multiple protein kinase C isoforms in PDGF-stimulated human vascular smooth muscle cells". DNA Cell Biol 18 (7): 555–64. doi:10.1089/104454999315105. PMID 10433554.
3. "Entrez Gene: YWHAG tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, gamma polypeptide".
4. Ewing, Rob M; Chu Peter, Elisma Fred, Li Hongyan, Taylor Paul, Climie Shane, McBroom-Cerajewski Linda, Robinson Mark D, O'Connor Liam, Li Michael, Taylor Rod, Dharsee Moyez, Ho Yuen, Heilbut Adrian, Moore Lynda, Zhang Shudong, Ornatsky Olga, Bukhman Yury V, Ethier Martin, Sheng Yinglun, Vasilescu Julian, Abu-Farha Mohamed, Lambert Jean-Philippe, Duewel Henry S, Stewart Ian I, Kuehl Bonnie, Hogue Kelly, Colwill Karen, Gladwish Katharine, Muskat Brenda, Kinach Robert, Adams Sally-Lin, Moran Michael F, Morin Gregg B, Topaloglou Thodoros, Figeys Daniel (2007). "Large-scale mapping of human protein-protein interactions by mass spectrometry". Mol. Syst. Biol. (England) 3 (1): 89. doi:10.1038/msb4100134. PMC 1847948. PMID 17353931.
5. Van Der Hoeven, P C; Van Der Wal J C, Ruurs P, Van Dijk M C, Van Blitterswijk J (January 2000). "14-3-3 isotypes facilitate coupling of protein kinase C-zeta to Raf-1: negative regulation by 14-3-3 phosphorylation". Biochem. J. (ENGLAND) 345 (2): 297–306. doi:10.1042/0264-6021:3450297. ISSN 0264-6021. PMC 1220759. PMID 10620507.
6. Yu, Tingxi; Robb Victoria A; Singh Vinita; Gutmann David H; Newsham Irene F (August 2002). "The 4.1/ezrin/radixin/moesin domain of the DAL-1/Protein 4.1B tumour suppressor interacts with 14-3-3 proteins". Biochem. J. (England) 365 (Pt 3): 783–9. doi:10.1042/BJ20020060. ISSN 0264-6021. PMC 1222735. PMID 11996670.
7. Dorner, C; Ullrich A; Häring H U; Lammers R (November 1999). "The kinesin-like motor protein KIF1C occurs in intact cells as a dimer and associates with proteins of the 14-3-3 family". J. Biol. Chem. (UNITED STATES) 274 (47): 33654–60. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.47.33654. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 10559254.
8. Benzinger, Anne; Muster Nemone; Koch Heike B; Yates John R; Hermeking Heiko (June 2005). "Targeted proteomic analysis of 14-3-3 sigma, a p53 effector commonly silenced in cancer". Mol. Cell Proteomics (United States) 4 (6): 785–95. doi:10.1074/mcp.M500021-MCP200. ISSN 1535-9476. PMID 15778465.

Further reading

• Morrison D (1994). "14-3-3: modulators of signaling proteins?". Science 266 (5182): 56–7. doi:10.1126/science.7939645. PMID 7939645.
• Kino T, Pavlakis GN (2004). "Partner molecules of accessory protein Vpr of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1.". DNA Cell Biol. 23 (4): 193–205. doi:10.1089/104454904773819789. PMID 15142377.
• Kino T, Chrousos GP (2004). "Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 accessory protein Vpr: a causative agent of the AIDS-related insulin resistance/lipodystrophy syndrome?". Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1024: 153–67. doi:10.1196/annals.1321.013. PMID 15265780.
• Roth D, Morgan A, Martin H, et al. (1994). "Characterization of 14-3-3 proteins in adrenal chromaffin cells and demonstration of isoform-specific phospholipid binding.". Biochem. J. 301 (1): 305–10. PMC 1137176. PMID 8037685.
• Vincenz C, Dixit VM (1996). "14-3-3 proteins associate with A20 in an isoform-specific manner and function both as chaperone and adapter molecules.". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (33): 20029–34. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.33.20029. PMID 8702721.
• Autieri MV, Haines DS, Romanic AM, Ohlstein EH (1997). "Expression of 14-3-3 gamma in injured arteries and growth factor- and cytokine-stimulated human vascular smooth muscle cells.". Cell Growth Differ. 7 (11): 1453–60. PMID 8930394.
• Ku NO, Liao J, Omary MB (1998). "Phosphorylation of human keratin 18 serine 33 regulates binding to 14-3-3 proteins.". EMBO J. 17 (7): 1892–906. doi:10.1093/emboj/17.7.1892. PMC 1170536. PMID 9524113.
• Dorner C, Ullrich A, Häring HU, Lammers R (1999). "The kinesin-like motor protein KIF1C occurs in intact cells as a dimer and associates with proteins of the 14-3-3 family.". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (47): 33654–60. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.47.33654. PMID 10559254.
• Pierrat B, Ito M, Hinz W, et al. (2000). "Uncoupling proteins 2 and 3 interact with members of the 14.3.3 family.". Eur. J. Biochem. 267 (9): 2680–7. doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01285.x. PMID 10785390.
• Lizcano JM, Morrice N, Cohen P (2001). "Regulation of BAD by cAMP-dependent protein kinase is mediated via phosphorylation of a novel site, Ser155.". Biochem. J. 349 (Pt 2): 547–57. doi:10.1042/0264-6021:3490547. PMC 1221178. PMID 10880354.
• Rena G, Prescott AR, Guo S, et al. (2001). "Roles of the forkhead in rhabdomyosarcoma (FKHR) phosphorylation sites in regulating 14-3-3 binding, transactivation and nuclear targeting.". Biochem. J. 354 (Pt 3): 605–12. doi:10.1042/0264-6021:3540605. PMC 1221692. PMID 11237865.
• Elder RT, Yu M, Chen M, et al. (2001). "HIV-1 Vpr induces cell cycle G2 arrest in fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) through a pathway involving regulatory and catalytic subunits of PP2A and acting on both Wee1 and Cdc25.". Virology 287 (2): 359–70. doi:10.1006/viro.2001.1007. PMID 11531413.
• Peyrl A, Weitzdoerfer R, Gulesserian T, et al. (2003). "Aberrant expression of signaling-related proteins 14-3-3 gamma and RACK1 in fetal Down syndrome brain (trisomy 21).". Electrophoresis 23 (1): 152–7. doi:10.1002/1522-2683(200201)23:1<152::AID-ELPS152>3.0.CO;2-T. PMID 11824616.
• Johnson BA, Stehn JR, Yaffe MB, Blackwell TK (2002). "Cytoplasmic localization of tristetraprolin involves 14-3-3-dependent and -independent mechanisms.". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (20): 18029–36. doi:10.1074/jbc.M110465200. PMID 11886850.
• Yu T, Robb VA, Singh V, et al. (2002). "The 4.1/ezrin/radixin/moesin domain of the DAL-1/Protein 4.1B tumour suppressor interacts with 14-3-3 proteins.". Biochem. J. 365 (Pt 3): 783–9. doi:10.1042/BJ20020060. PMC 1222735. PMID 11996670.
• Graeser R, Gannon J, Poon RY, et al. (2003). "Regulation of the CDK-related protein kinase PCTAIRE-1 and its possible role in neurite outgrowth in Neuro-2A cells.". J. Cell. Sci. 115 (Pt 17): 3479–90. PMID 12154078.
• Nellist M, Goedbloed MA, de Winter C, et al. (2002). "Identification and characterization of the interaction between tuberin and 14-3-3zeta.". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (42): 39417–24. doi:10.1074/jbc.M204802200. PMID 12176984.