1697

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	16th century – 17th century – 18th century
Decades:	1660s  1670s  1680s  – 1690s –  1700s  1710s  1720s
Years:	1694 1695 1696 – 1697 – 1698 1699 1700

1697 by topic:

Arts and Science

Architecture - Art - Literature - Music - Science

Lists of leaders

Colonial governors - State leaders

Birth and death categories

Births - Deaths

Establishments and disestablishments categories

Establishments - Disestablishments

Works category

Works

1697 in other calendars

Gregorian calendar	1697 MDCXCVII
Ab urbe condita	2450
Armenian calendar	1146 ԹՎ ՌՃԽԶ
Assyrian calendar	6447
Bengali calendar	1104
Berber calendar	2647
English Regnal year	9 Will. 3 – 10 Will. 3
Buddhist calendar	2241
Burmese calendar	1059
Byzantine calendar	7205–7206
Chinese calendar	丙子年 (Fire Rat) 4393 or 4333     — to — 丁丑年 (Fire Ox) 4394 or 4334
Coptic calendar	1413–1414
Discordian calendar	2863
Ethiopian calendar	1689–1690
Hebrew calendar	5457–5458
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1753–1754
- Shaka Samvat	1619–1620
- Kali Yuga	4798–4799
Holocene calendar	11697
Igbo calendar	697–698
Iranian calendar	1075–1076
Islamic calendar	1108–1109
Japanese calendar	Genroku 10 (元禄１０年)
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 10 days
Korean calendar	4030
Minguo calendar	215 before ROC 民前215年
Thai solar calendar	2239–2240

1697 (MDCXCVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (dominical letter F) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Friday (dominical letter C) of the Julian calendar, the 1697th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 697th year of the 2nd millennium, the 97th year of the 17th century, and the 8th year of the 1690s decade. Note that the Julian day for 1697 is 10 calendar days difference, which continued to be used from 1582 until the complete conversion of the Gregorian calendar was entirely done in 1929.

Events

January–June

• January – French writer Charles Perrault publishes Histoires ou contes du temps passé ("Mother Goose tales") in Paris, a collection of popular fairy tales, including Cinderella, Puss in Boots, Red Riding Hood, The Sleeping Beauty and Bluebeard.
• January 8 – Scottish student Thomas Aikenhead became the last person in Great Britain to be executed for blasphemy when he is hanged outside Edinburgh.
• March 9 – Peter the Great of Russia sets out to travel in Europe officially incognito as "Artilleryman Pjotr Mikhailov".
• March 13 – The Spanish conquest of Petén, and of Yucatán, is completed with the fall of Nojpetén, capital of the Itza Maya Kingdom, the last independent indigenous peoples of the Americas.
• March 22 – Charles II of Spain issued a Royal Cedula extending to the indigenous nobles of the Spanish Crown colonies, as well as to their descendants, the preeminence and honors customarily attributed to the Hidalgos of Castile.^[1]
• April 5 – Charles XII, the "Swedish Meteor", becomes king of Sweden upon the death of his father, Charles XI.
• May 7 – The 13th century royal Tre Kronor ("Three Crowns") castle in Stockholm burns to the ground. A large portion of the royal library is destroyed.
• June 1 – Augustus II the Strong becomes king of Poland.
• June 30 – The earliest known first-class cricket match takes place in Sussex (England).

July–December

Battle of Senta

• September 5 – Battle of Hudson's Bay (Nine Years' War): French warsship Pélican captures York Factory, a trading post of the English Hudson's Bay Company in modern-day Manitoba (Canada).
• September 11 – Battle of Zenta – Prince Eugene of Savoy crushes the Ottoman army of Mustafa II and effectively ends Turkish hopes of recovering lost ground in Hungary.
• September 20 – The Treaty of Ryswick signed by France and the Grand Alliance to end both the Nine Years' War and King William's War. The conflict having been inconclusive, the treaty is proposed because the combatants have exhausted their national treasuries. Louis XIV recognises William III as King of England & Scotland and both sides return territories they have taken in battle. In North America, the treaty returns Port Royal (Nova Scotia) to France. In practice, the treaty is little more than a truce; it does not resolve any of the fundamental colonial problems and the peace lasts only five years.
• December 2 – St Paul's Cathedral is opened in London.
• December 14 – Charles XII of Sweden is crowned king at the age of 15.

Date unknown

• The Manchus of the Qing dynasty conquers Outer Mongolia.
• The Royal African Company loses its monopoly on the slave trade.
• Christopher Polhem starts Sweden's first technical school.
• The use of palanquins increases in Europe.

Births

• January 30 – Johann Joachim Quantz, German flautist and composer (d. 1773)
• March 9 – Friederike Caroline Neuber, actress (d. 1760)
• August 6 – Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1745)
• October 7 – Canaletto, Italian artist (d. 1768)
• October 26 – John Peter Zenger, newspaper printer (d. 1746)
• November 10 – William Hogarth, English artist (d. 1764)

Deaths

• January 8 – Thomas Aikenhead (hanged) (b. c. 1678)
• January 26 – Georg Mohr, Danish mathematician (b. 1640)
• January 28 – John Fenwick, English conspirator (b. c. 1645)
• February 4 – Adrien de Wignacourt, 63rd Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (b. 1618)
• March 1 – Francesco Redi, Italian physician (b. 1626)
• March 19 – Nicolaus Bruhns, German organist and composer (b. 1665)
• March 26 – Godfrey McCulloch, Scottish politician and murderer (executed) (b. 1640)
• March 27 – Simon Bradstreet, English colonial magistrate (b. 1603)
• April 5 – King Charles XI of Sweden (stomach cancer) (b. 1655)
• April 8 – Niels Juel, Danish admiral (b. 1629)
• June 7 – John Aubrey, English antiquary and writer (b. 1626)
• October 31 – William Moore, Captain William Kidd's gunner (hemorrhage in head caused by Captain Kidd hitting him with a bucket)^[2]
• November 22 – Libéral Bruant, French architect (b. c. 1635)

References

1. Por cuanto teniendo presentes las leyes y cédulas que se mandaron despachar por los Señores Reyes mis progenitores y por mí, encargo el buen tratamiento, amparo, protección y defensa de los indios naturales de la América, y que sean atendidos, mantenidos, favorecidos y honrados como todos los demás vasallos de mi Corona, y que por el trascurso del tiempo se detiene la práctica y uso de ellas, y siento tan conveniente su puntual cumplimiento al bien público y utilidad de los Indios y al servicio de Dios y mío, y que en esta consecuencia por lo que toca a los indios mestizos está encargo a los Arzobispos y Obispos de las Indias, por la Ley Siete, Título Siete, del Libro Primero, de la Recopilación, los ordenen de sacerdotes, concurriendo las calidades y circunstancias que en ella se disponen y que si algunas mestizas quisieren ser religiosas dispongan el que se las admita en los monasterios y a las profesiones, y aunque en lo especial de que quedan ascender los indios a puestos eclesiásticos o seculares, gubernativos, políticos y de guerra, que todos piden limpieza de sangre y por estatuto la calidad de nobles, hay distinción entre los Indios y mestizos, o como descendentes de los indios principales que se llaman caciques, o como procedidos de indios menos principales que son los tributarios, y que en su gentilidad reconocieron vasallaje, se considera que a los primeros y sus descendentes se les deben todas las preeminencias y honores, así en lo eclesiástico como en lo secular que se acostumbran conferir a los nobles Hijosdalgo de Castilla y pueden participar de cualesquier comunidades que por estatuto pidan nobleza, pues es constante que estos en su gentilismo eran nobles a quienes sus inferiores reconocían vasallaje y tributaban, cuya especie de nobleza todavía se les conserva y considera, guardándoles en lo posible, o privilegios, como así se reconoce y declara por todo el Título de los caciques, que es el Siete, del Libro Seis, de la Recopilación, donde por distinción de los indios inferiores se les dejó el señorío con nombre de cacicazgo, transmisible de mayor en mayor, a sus posterioridades... Cf. DE CADENAS Y VICENT, Vicente (1993). Las Pruebas de Nobleza y Genealogia en Filipinas y Los Archivios en Donde se Pueden Encontrar Antecedentes de Ellas in Heraldica, Genealogia y Nobleza en los Editoriales de «Hidalguia», 1953-1993: 40 años de un pensamiento (in Castellano). Madrid: HIDALGUIA, pp. 234-235.
2. Cordingly, David (1995); Under The Black Flag – The Romance and the Reality of Life Among the Pirates, Harcourt Brace & Company.