List of Atlantic hurricanes in the 18th century
The List of Atlantic hurricanes in the 18th century encompasses all known Atlantic tropical cyclones from 1700 to 1799. While not all data for every storm that occurred is available, some parts of the coastline were populated enough to give data of hurricane occurrences.
Atlantic hurricane seasons |
|
1700–1724
Year | Location | Date | Deaths | Damage/Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
1700 | Barbados[1] | |||
1700 | South Carolina / Charleston | September 14 [O.S. September 3] | 98 | A hurricane struck the South Carolina coastline while the Rising Sun, a Scottish ship, was docked in Charleston harbor. The ship was thrust up on the beach, broke up, and all aboard were drowned. The only surviving sailors from the ship had gone ashore earlier to look for provisions and ended up having to bury the dead on the beach the next day. The other ships docked there were also wrecked. Charleston was devastated and flooded by this ferocious hurricane. Known as the Rising Sun Hurricane of 1700[2] |
1702 | Barbados[1] | |||
1703 | Virginia, Maryland, New England coastline | October 18–19 [O.S. October 7–8] | N/A | Great wind and flood damage; many ships were lost[3] |
1703 | England / British Isles | December 7–8 [O.S. November 26–27] | Many thousands | Known as The Great Storm of 1703. Most powerful wind force ever experienced in modern England history and caused more death and destruction that any known storm before or after. One third of British Navy fleet sunk during this storm. Storm likely originated from an Atlantic based formed hurricane.[3] |
1705 | Havana, Cuba | N/A | Many were lost | 4 ships lost |
1706 | New York, Connecticut | October 13–15 [O.S. October 3–5] | Strong wind and heavy rains reported in NY (14th) and CT (16th) Unusual and heavy flooding occurred In many areas in NY and CT [4] | |
1706 | Off of Virginia coast | November 6–7 [O.S. October 26–27] | N/A | Hurricane at sea. England bound fleet of ships from America was scattered by a raging hurricane at sea. Many had to return to Virginia for repairs, other ships were lost at sea. No landfall believed to be known.[4] |
1707 | St. Kitts and Nevis, Antigua[1] | September 2 | N/A | Nevis was "nearly ruined", and several ships were wrecked off the coast of St. Kitts |
1707 | St. Augustine, Florida | September 30 | N/A | Heavy flooding and damage |
1708 | Veracruz | N/A | 578 | N/A |
1712 | Jamaica | September 8 | 400 | Many houses destroyed; perhaps occurred on 28 August [Julian calendar ?] |
1713 | Martinique, Guadeloupe, St. Thomas, Puerto Rico[1] | September 4–5, 6 | 100 in Martinique | San Zacarias Hurricane, caused a storm surge in southern Puerto Rico.[5] |
1713 | South Carolina / Charleston, North Carolina, Virginia | September 16–17 [O.S. September 5–6] | Many | Known as South Carolina Hurricane of 1713. Charleston town was once again inundated by the sea (see 1700). The death toll reportedly was significant from the high storm surge that washed in with this storm. On Sullivan's Island, "The new Look out made of wood, built eight square and eighty feet high, was blown down." In Charleston's harbor, all but one of the vessels were driven ashore and "all the front wall and mud parapet before Charlestown undermined and washed away" The two rivers on both sides of the town were connected for a period of unknown time during the storm. The storm was reportedly more violent north of Charleston suggesting landfall was made north of the town. The effects were most significant in Currituck county, North Carolina near the Virginia-North Carolina border, where the storm surge breached the Outer Banks and opened several inlets into the Currituck Sound. William Byrd, one of the commissioners who established the Virginia-North Carolina boundary, stated "There was no tide in Currituck until 1713, when a violent storm opened a new inlet five miles south of the old one. One of the new inlets carved out by the storm became the location where the Virginia-North Carolina line begins on the Atlantic coast.[6] |
1714 | Florida Keys | Late June | Many drowned | Many ships sank |
1714 | Guadeloupe | August 13–14[1] | ||
1714 | Jamaica | August 29[1] | ||
1714 | Cuba[1] | |||
1715 | Off of Florida east coast | July 31 | 1000–2500 | Seven days after departing from Havana, Cuba eleven of the twelve Spanish ships of this fleet were lost in a hurricane near present day Vero Beach. See 1715 Treasure Fleet. |
1715 | Mexico | August 26[7] | ||
1716 | Massachusetts / Boston, Martha's Vineyard | October 24–25 [O.S. October 13–14] | Hurricane with strong winds and rains affecting Eastern Massachusetts, Boston and Martha's Vineyard. Maybe no direct landfall.[8] | |
1717 | Alabama | Late Summer | Pelican Harbor on Dauphin Island was destroyed by shifting sands [9][10] | |
1718 | Nevis | September[1] | ||
1720 | Puerto Rico | N/A | 500 | N/A |
1722 | Puerto Rico, Jamaica, Carolinas | August 28 – September 3 | 280,[1] 400 | Passed south of Port Royal, which was devastated by a 16–18 foot storm surge. |
1722 | Jamaica, Louisiana, South Carolina | September 11,23-24 [O.S. September 1,12-13] | 400 | Great Louisiana Hurricane of 1722. Moved through Lesser Antilles on September 11. This hurricane is the first tropical storm to strike the region for which there are adequate first-hand accounts and almost completely destroyed the city's fragile existing infrastructure. Storm made landfall in Louisiana on September 23 with 15 hours of hurricane winds and an 8-foot storm surge flooding. Hurricane force winds lasted 15 hours. In 1718, 3 feet (1m) high levees protected New Orleans from both river and tidal overflow (today they are 17 feet (5.2 m) high). The buildings in New Orleans suffered extensive destruction, though they were not of high grade construction having been hastily constructed when New Orleans was initially selected to be the capital of the Louisiana Company in 1717-18. The bayou between New Orleans and Biloxi was filled with two to three feet (0.6-0.9 m) of water as a result of the storm and all ships at port were destroyed. Rainfall and flooding were reported to have lasted for five days. This storm was responsible for moving Mobile from its old site 27 miles (43 km) north of the mouth of the Mobile River to its present-day site. This same storm likely re-curved northeast and headed into South Carolina as they reported three days of flooding rains in SC around the 27th.[11] |
1724 | Maryland / Chesapeake Bay, Virginia | August 23 [O.S. August 12] | N/A | Known as the "Great Gust of 1724". Almost all tobacco and much of the corn crops were destroyed by this violent tropical storm, which struck Chesapeake Bay. Violent floods of rain and prodigious gust of wind were seen upon the James river. Some homes were wrecked and several vessels were driven ashore. Storm was likely followed by a second hurricane just five days later causing rain for many straight days that caused the Virginia floods of 1724.[12] |
1724 | Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Pennsylvania | August 28 [O.S. August 17] | Second of two hurricanes that passed through the area within 5 days. Another violent storm system came through affecting Virginia, Maryland and Pennsylvania with violent winds, flooding and rain. This system and The Great Gust of 1724 systems are among the most significant tropical storms to affect the Mid-Atlantic during the colonial period of the late 1600s and 1700s.[12] | |
1724 | Hispaniola | September 12 | 121 | N/A |
1725–1749
Year | Location | Date | Deaths | Damage/Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1725 | Martinique[1] | ||||
1726 | Jamaica | November 2 | 18+ | Devastated Port Royal, sinking some 50 ships. Observed based on damage information to be a very small hurricane, but very powerful.[13] Perhaps same as 22 October on Julian calendar. | |
1727 | Rhode Island, Connecticut, eastern Massachusetts/Boston | September 27 [O.S. September 16] | Very strong hurricane caused considerable damage, uprooted many trees, damaged property and washed ships in port ashore. Center of the storm likely past over eastern Massachusetts. Severe destruction noted in Essex county.[14] | ||
1728 | Antigua | August 19[1] | |||
1728 | Carolinas | August | N/A | N/A | |
1729 | Puerto Rico[7] | ||||
1730 | Jamaica | September 1 | N/A | One ship, including the ex-president of Panama, lost. | |
1731 | Windward Passage | June 24 | 1+ | two ships destroyed | |
1731 | Barbados[1] | ||||
1733 | St. Kitts | June 30[1] | Several | At least one ship wrecked | |
1733 | Cuba, Bahamas, Florida Keys[1] | July 15–16 | 56 | N/A | |
1734 | Jamaica | September 1[1] | |||
1737 | St. Kitts, Montserrat, Dominican Republic | September 9[1] | Several people drowned | Many ships destroyed | |
1738 | Guadeloupe, St. Thomas, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic[1] | August 30 | N/A | Santa Rosa Hurricane, caused damage to agriculture and to many homes in Puerto Rico. It is estimated that it entered Puerto Rico in the east and crossed the entire island, then passing on to the Dominican Republic.[5] | |
1740 | Puerto Rico | July 11–13[7] | |||
1740 | Puerto Rico[1] | September 11–12 | N/A | 'Hurricane San Judas Tadeo,[15] Two ships destroyed | |
1740 | Louisiana | September 23 | N/A | Destroyed town of La Balize | |
1742 | Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico | October 27–28 | N/A | Two ships lost | |
1743 | Jamaica | October 20 | "Great number" | N/A | |
1743 | Philadelphia, Boston | November 2 [16] | Ben Franklin's ‘Eclipse Hurricane’ because it occurred during the night of a total lunar eclipse | ||
1744 | Jamaica | October 31–November 1[1] | 182 | N/A | |
1745 | Caribbean Islands[1] | ||||
1746 | Caribbean Sea | N/A | N/A | Thirteen ships destroyed | |
1747 | Virginia | September 15 | 50+ | Indentured servant ship destroyed | |
1747 | St. Christopher, Leeward Islands | October 2[1] | |||
1747 | North Carolina, Massachusetts | October 8 | "Many" | Seven ships destroyed | |
1747 | Bermuda | October 10 | "Violent gale of wind" | ||
1747 | St. Kitts | November 4[1] | "Upwards of 20 sail of vessels lost" | ||
1748 | Off Virginia Capes | September 11 | "Dispersed fleet" | ||
1748 | Bermuda | October 13 | Up to £20,000 damage | ||
1749 | North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland | October 18–19 [17] | £30,000, severe flooding, high tides, and tree damage. Wind effects also recorded in New York City and Boston. |
1750–1770
Year | Date | Location | Deaths | Damage/Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
1750 | August | Bahamas[7] | ||
1750 | August 17 | Offshore North Carolina | N/A | Four ships lost |
1751 | July 24 | St. Kitts | Entire crew | one ship lost |
1751 | 2 September | unknown | unknown | [18] |
1751 | October | Jamaica, Havana, Cuba[19] | ||
1752 | September 15 | South Carolina | 103 | N/A |
1752 | September 26 | Cuba | N/A | Sixteen ships lost |
1752 | October 22 | Offshore Florida | 7+ | twelve ships lost |
1754 | September | Santo Domingo[1] | N/A | twelve ships lost |
1756 | September 12 | Martinique[1] | ||
1757 | August 11 | Florida to Boston | Rain for 3 days; great SW-NW-N gusts | |
1758 | August 23 | Barbados, South Carolina, United States[1] | ||
1758 | November 10 | St. Kitts | 200 | N/A |
1758 | N/A | St. Marks, Florida | 40 | N/A |
1759 | September | Gulf of Mexico[1] | ||
1760 | September 7–8 | Vera Cruz, Mexico[7] | ||
1760 | October 25 | Barbuda | 50 | N/A |
1761 | September 20–23 | Outer Banks of North Carolina | N/A | A "severe equinoctial storm" made a breach through the Outer Banks of North Carolina eight miles above its present entrance near haul-over, and it was named New Inlet. This inlet was subsequently closed in 1881, costing $600,000 in that year's dollars.[20][21] |
1761 | October 23–24 | Rhode Island, Connecticut, and Eastern Massachusetts/Boston [22] | Strong hurricane overnight. Strong wind damage. Said to be the worst storm in Boston since the great hurricane of 1727. Many buildings were destroyed and bridges washed out from Providence to Newport, Rhode Island and north to Boston and across Cape Cod | |
1765 | July 31 | Martinique, St. Eustatius, Guadeloupe[1] | ||
1765 | November 13–14 | St. Domingo[1] | ||
1766 | July 17 | Bahamas[7] | ||
1766 | August 13–14 | Martinique[1] | 440 | N/A |
1766 | August 16 | West of Jamaica[1] | ||
1766 | September 4 | Galveston, Texas | N/A | Five ships were destroyed, but the crew and items were saved. A Spanish mission named Nuestra Senora De la Luz and the presidio San Augustine de Ahumado on the lower Trinity River was destroyed. Constance Bayou in Louisiana was named after one of the wrecked ships from this storm.[23] |
1766 | September 11 | Virginia[1] | ||
1766 | September 13 | St. Christopher, Montserrat | N/A | Destroyed half the town and many ships. |
1766 | September 21 | St. Eustatius, Tortuga[1] | ||
1766 | October 6–8 | Guadeloupe, Puerto Rico[1] | N/A | San Marcos Hurricane, passed first across Guadalupe, there it Sunk twelve slave ships, killing all aboard. Later it crossed Puerto Rico from south east to north west, it affected the entire island.[15] |
1766 | October 22–23 | Northwest Florida[1] | N/A | Sunk one ship, killing the entire crew except for three. |
1766 | October 29 | Havana[7] | ||
1767 | August | Martinique | 1600 | "A powerful hurricane" |
1767 | September 21 | Coastal North Carolina | N/A | Caused a number of vessels to be lost. Floods struck Virginia, with a mill entirely destroyed in Warwick county.[24] |
1768 | August 10 | Grenada[1] | ||
1768 | October 15 | Havana, Cuba[1] | 1000 | Destroyed 96 public buildings and 4048 houses. Appeared to pass over the island from west to east. |
1769 | September 8 | North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, New Jersey, New England coast [25] | At least 6 | Hurricane center was close to Williamsburg. Many old houses in eastern North Carolina and southeastern Virginia were destroyed, particularly around Williamsburg, York, Hampton, and Norfolk due to 13 hours of high winds from the northeast to northwest. Known as "The Great Chesapeake Bay Hurricane of 1769" |
1769 | September 25 – September 28 | Northeast coast of Florida & Charleston, South Carolina | N/A | Approached Florida and may have hit St. Augustine, Florida on the 25th, but it turned northeastward, and hit near Charleston on the 28th. Damage was minimal in the Carolinas, but crop damage occurred in northeast Florida. |
1770 | June 6 | Charleston, South Carolina[1] |
1770s
Year | Date | Location | Deaths | Damage/Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
1770 | Late October | New England coastline Connecticut to Maine [26] | Strong winds, hail, high tides that caused major flooding. Highest tides reported since 1723 area harbor flooding | |
1771 | May 23–24 | Jamaica and Cuba [1] | N/A | N/A |
1771 | November 30-December 1 | Vera Cruz, Mexico[7] | ||
1772 | August 1–7 | Hispaniola, Cuba[19] | ||
1772 | 28 August - 4 September | Greater Antilles including Puerto Rico and Jamaica; Mobile, Alabama; New Orleans, Louisiana | At least 280 | Alexander Hamilton famously wrote an account on the storm in Saint Croix, which was later published in the American colonies; community leaders were impressed by his writings, and they raised a fund for Hamilton to receive an education in the colonies many ships destroyed in Alabama |
1772 | September 1 | North Carolina | 50 | 14 vessels forced ashore |
1772 | Various | Saint Kitts and Nevis | "Several" | Three hurricanes hit the island group during the year, one of which is mentioned above |
1773 | August 26 | Virginia | Unknown | Damage to ships in the area |
1773 | September 13–14 | Colombia[7] | ||
1773 | September 30 - October 2 | Virginia | Unknown | Three days of rainfall across the region |
1774 | August 24–25 | Virginia | Unknown | "August nor'easter" that caused two days of heavy rainfall |
1774 | September 3 | Annapolis, Maryland | Unknown | The Maryland capitol building in Annapolis saw roof damage from a hurricane that began on September 3 and lasted about 24 hours.[27] A "stormy" northeast wind was seen in Westmoreland County Virginia, along with a "flood of rain."[28] |
1774 | October | Havana, Cuba[19] | ||
1775 | Late July | Caribbean Sea | Unknown | N/A |
1775 | August 28–29 | Havana[7] | ||
1775 | August 29 - September 9 | Outer Banks, Virginia, Newfoundland | 4163 | Known as The Independence Hurricane of 1775 or Newfoundland Hurricane of 1775. Strong winds in Virginia; a localized, storm surge is reported to have reached heights of between 20 and 30 feet in Newfoundland, destroying many English ships. At least 4000 people died off of Newfoundland, becoming Canada's deadliest natural disaster and the eighth deadliest Atlantic hurricane in history |
1775 | November 2 | Caicos Islands | 11 | Several English warships lost |
1776 | June | South coast of Cuba[19] | ||
1776 | June | New Orleans, Louisiana[19] | ||
1776 | July 10 | Virginia | Unknown | Affected a Revolutionary War battle in Virginia; it caused supply ships to sink in the Chesapeake Bay area, and resulted in moderate damage to the area. |
1776 | August | Off northern coast of Cuba[19] | ||
1776 | September 6 to 12 | Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe and Louisiana | 6,000 | An analysis by hurricane scholar Michael Chenoweth indicated the tropical cyclone was of at least hurricane strength, or with maximum sustained winds of at least 74 mph (119 km/h), when it struck Guadeloupe. The same analysis indicated the storm also affected Antigua and Martinique early in its duration, and later it struck Louisiana on September 12.[29] On Guadeloupe, the hurricane killed 6,000 people, more than any known hurricane before it and currently the seventh deadliest Atlantic hurricane on record.[30] The storm struck a large convoy of French and Dutch merchant ships, sinking or running aground 60% of the vessels. The ships were transporting goods to Europe.[31] |
1777 | June | Florida | Several | One ship sunk; no one recovered |
1777 | August 26 | Chesapeake Bay | Unknown | Hampered General Howe's march on Philadelphia. Caused Washington to seek refuge at Hermitage in Elkton, MD |
1777 | September 10 to 16 | Central Atlantic, Pennsylvania | Unknown | September 10 - The Ariadne, Ruffel, from Dominica to London sunk, all hands saved. 5 others of the fleet missing. September 16 - Pre-empted Battle of the Clouds in Chester County, PA. |
1777 | October | Oriente, Cuba and St. Dominigue[19] | ||
1778 | August 12–13 | North Carolina, Mid-Atlantic/New England coastline | Prevented a naval battle between the British and French in the Revolutionary War, causing them to separate as the hurricane moved up the coast | |
1778 | August–September | Havana, Cuba[19] | ||
1778 | October 28 | Cuba | Several | N/A |
1778 | November 1 | Cape Cod, Massachusetts | 50-70 | Possibly related to the previous storm |
1779[1] | May 25–26 | Jamaica | N/A | N/A |
1779 | August 18 | Havana, Cuba, Louisiana | Unknown | All but one warship in a Spanish fleet were sunk off the coast. Ships in the New Orleans harbor were pushed well inland, causing heavy damage. William Dunbar first theorized from this system that a hurricane revolved around a vortex in the center. |
1779 | August 28 | Martinique | "Many" | N/A |
1779 | December 3 | Atlantic coast | 120 | N/A |
1780s
Main article: 1780 Atlantic hurricane season
The 1780 Atlantic hurricane season was extraordinarily destructive, and was the deadliest Atlantic hurricane season in recorded history with over 25,000 deaths. Four different hurricanes, three in October and one in June, caused at least 1,000 deaths each; this event has never been repeated and only in the 1893 and 2005 seasons were there two such hurricanes. The season also held the deadliest Atlantic tropical cyclone of all time.
Year | Date | Location | Deaths | Damage/Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
1780 | October 10 | Lesser Antilles | 20,000 - 22,000 | Deadliest on record |
1781 | August 1 | Jamaica | N/A | Many ships washed ashore |
1781 | August 23 | New Orleans, Louisiana | N/A | N/A |
1781 | Unknown | Offshore Florida | 2000 | N/A |
1782 | July | Havana, Cuba[19] | ||
1782 | September 16 | Central Atlantic coast | 3000 | The Central Atlantic hurricane of 1782 was a hurricane that hit the fleet of Admiral Thomas Graves as it sailed across the North Atlantic in September 1782. It is believed to have killed some 3,500 people. |
1783 | September 19 | North Carolina | N/A | 3 ships sunk |
1783 | October 7–9 | South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia | N/A | Charleston saw excessive rain and wind with the cyclone. Winds shifted from northwest to northeast as the storm passed offshore.[32] Extensive damage was seen in North Carolina. Richmond saw violent northeast gusts for 24 hours, but no damage. Norfolk and Portsmouth reported a "25 foot tide" which caused damage |
1783 | October 18–19 | New Jersey, Rhode Island, Connecticut [33] | Heavy rains and winds in New Brunswick, NJ and New Haven, CT. Brought snowfall to western Connecticut and Vermont. | |
1784 | June | Florida Straits | ||
1784 | July 30 | Jamaica | 9 | "Captain [Paul] Cox got in here from St. Ann’s the 30th ult[ima]. but a few hours before a most violent hurricane came on, which began about 8 at night, and at nine the brig parted her cables, and was drove on shore. Captain Rice, in a brig from Salem, and a ship belonging to Bristol, are also on shore. The ship Britannia, of between 4 and 500 tons rode it out—In consequence of the calamity occasioned by this hurricane, it is expected the ports of this island will be opened for six months. Captain Rice, with six of his people, taking to their boat, were lost. It is said, he had between 4 and 5000 dollars with him. Scarce a vessel in the harbour of Kingston but was either lost or drove on shore. St. Thomas's in the east has received the greatest damage. Scare a house or plantation but has suffered. Captain Gray in a brig belonging to Salem, lay at Morant Bay, have heard nothing from him in particular; but the report is, that every vessel that lay there, except one ship, is either lost or drove on shore. No perfect account of the damage is yet come to hand."[34] |
1784 | Unknown | Curaçao | N/A | Many ships damaged or destroyed |
1785 | August 24–29 | Greater Antilles including Jamaica | 142 | N/A |
1785 | September 1 | Delaware | 181 | One of the few hurricanes on record in the state |
1785 | September 23–24 | Mid-Atlantic states | N/A | Led to the "highest tide ever before known in Norfolk." It struck the lower Chesapeake Bay. Portsmouth experienced a strong northeast to northwest gale for 3 days. The storm in Virginia was noted in both the Virginia Gazette of October 1, and the New Jersey Gazette of October 1 (from Ludlum 1963 p. 30). The Annual Register the next year reported that several ships had been driven ashore by the tide and the wind, with a total damage estimated at around £30,000. |
1785 | September 25 | Puerto Rico | N/A | San Lupo Hurricane - devastated agricultural fields. Governor Juan Dabán visited the islands affected area to inspect and help with the damages; it was the first time a governor of Puerto Rico did that after a Hurricane.[35] |
1786 | September 2 | Barbados | "Several" | Several houses destroyed |
1786 | October 5 | Eastern Virginia | N/A | Heavy rainfall accompanied the storm. According to George Washington, tides were "occasionally high" at Mount Vernon, with "high freshes." James Madison at Montpelier saw the Rapidan River overflow its banks. The center may have passed very near his location, as the winds shifted from southeast to southwest. |
1786 | October 20 | Jamaica | 7 | N/A |
1787 | September 2–4 | Belize, Vera Cruz, Mexico | 100 | It has been identified as ‘Event 6’ in Belizean sedimentary records by McCloskey and Keller.[36] Several injuries were caused by this hurricane in Vera Cruz.[37] |
1787 | September 19 | Georgia, South Carolina | 23 | A storm moved just offshore the Georgia and South Carolina coastline to lead to a storm surge that caused 23 people to perish, as well as flooding and crop damage between Savannah and Georgetown.[32] |
1787 | September 23 | Honduras | 100 | N/A |
1788 | July 24 | Mid-Atlantic States | N/A | George Washington reported from Mount Vernon a "very high northeast wind" the previous night, which sank ships and blew down trees. A "more violent and severe a hurricane than for many years." Madison at Montpelier reports a "great wind and rain." According to the Philadelphia Independent Gazette on August 8, the storm in Norfolk began from the northeast at 5 p.m. on the 23rd, then blew a "perfect hurricane" from the south at 12:30 a.m.. The tide was lower than in 1785. Alexandria also saw the winds switch from east-northeast to south, which caused the highest known tide in the Potomac (from Ludlum 1963, p. 30-31). |
1788 | August 14–19 | Martinique, Dominica, Bahamas, New England | 600-700 | N/A |
1789 | August 19 | New Jersey, New England | N/A | Heavy damage |
1790s
Year | Date | Location | Deaths | Damage/Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
1791 | June 21–22 | Cuba | 3000 | Caused crop damage and animal deaths |
1791 | Unknown | Southern Texas | N/A | Flooded Padre Island and the mainland nearby. A herd of 50,000 cattle belonging to a Spanish cattle baron drowned in the storm surge |
1791 | October 25 | Puerto Rico[7] | ||
1792 | August 1 | Lesser Antilles | N/A | Several ships destroyed |
1792 | October | Havana, Cuba[19] | ||
1793 | August 13 | Virgin Islands | 28 | Moved slowly through the area |
1793 | August | Louisiana[7] | N/A | Caused crop damage and minor flooding |
1794[1] | May 28 | Jamaica | N/A | N/A |
1794 | June 27 | Jamaica | N/A | One ship destroyed in a tropical storm |
1794 | July 4 | Mid-Atlantic states | N/A | Reported at Annapolis by William Faris in his diary. On the night of the 5th, it "raind and Blowd very Hard" (sic) all night. It finally cleared out between 10 and 11 am on the 6th. |
1794 | Late July | Jamaica | "Heavy deaths" | N/A |
1794 | August 9–10 | Havana[7] | ||
1794 | August 27–31 | Cuba and Louisiana | 100+ | In Louisiana, heavy flooding, high winds, crop damage, and unusually large hail occurred |
1794 | Early October | Northeastern Florida | N/A | Caused beach erosion and damage |
1794 | October 26 | Mid-Atlantic states | N/A | Caused 3.5 inches (89 mm) of rain at Madison's Montpelier estate. While the wind there was "brisk" on the morning on the 26th, Annapolis reported that "it Blow'd very Hard a near Hurrican [sic] and rained all night" from the 26th into the 27th. |
1795 | July 20 | New Orleans[7] | ||
1795 | August 2 | North Carolina | N/A | Several Spanish ships lost; brought heavy rain through the mid-Atlantic, disrupting mail service and damaging crops; at Annapolis, rain set it on the afternoon of the 2nd, before it escalated later in the day, when it "Blow'd a Harrican." Trees were levelled and the tide was so high that "one could not get to the Market House without a Boat." Vessels were driven ashore by the tempest (from the diary of William Faris). |
1795 | August 12 | North Carolina | N/A | Considered a major hurricane, caused additional flooding and crop damage after the previous storm; the damage could be "Modestly estimated at a year's rent", quoted by Thomas Jefferson. The "powerful torrent" of rain in Petersburg caused creeks to rise higher than noted in the previous 70 years (North Carolina Journal). Winds were gusty at Farmville, where a "great fresh" was reported. Annapolis reported strong winds and rains on August 13 as well. |
1796 | August 26–27 | New Orleans[7] | ||
1796 | October 2 | Pinar del Río, Cuba, Bahamas | N/A | Caused shipping delays |
1797 | September 5 | North Carolina | N/A | One ship sunk |
1797 | October 15–19 | Bahamas and South Carolina | "Many" | Several ships lost |
1799 | September 23 | Jamaica | 27 | Remained offshore, but rain, flooding, and winds were severe |
1799 | October | Oriente, Cuba[19] |
See also
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 Chenoweth (2006). "A Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity, 1700-1855" (PDF). NOAA. Retrieved 2007-07-02.
- ↑ Early American hurricanes 1492-1870, David Ludlum, pg 42
- 1 2 Early American hurricanes 1492-1870, David Ludlum, pg 19
- 1 2 Early American hurricanes 1492-1870, David Ludlum, pg 20
- 1 2 Mújica-Baker, Frank. Huracanes y Tormentas que han afectadi a Puerto Rico (PDF). Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, Agencia Estatal para el manejo de Emergencias y Administracion de Desastres. p. 11. Retrieved August 30, 2010.
- ↑ Early American hurricanes 1492-1870, David Ludlum, pg 43
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Ricardo Garcia-Herrera, Luis Gimeno, Pedro Ribera and Emiliano Hernandez (2004-11-29). "New records of Atlantic hurricanes from Spanish documentary sources". Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Retrieved 2012-02-10.
- ↑ Early American hurricanes, 1492-1870, pg 20
- ↑ Patrick, Monica. "History of Dauphin Island, Alabama". Travel Tips. USA Today. Retrieved November 3, 2012.
- ↑ Kennedy, Jo M. "Building the Fort - 1717". Dauphin Island AL: French Possession 1699-1763. Dauphin Island, AL Archive of Historical Data, Books, Maps And Other Materials. Retrieved Nov 3, 2012.
- ↑ Early American hurricanes 1492-1870, David Ludlum, pg 60
- 1 2 Early American hurricanes 1492-1870, David Ludlum, pg 21
- ↑ The Nautical magazine - Google Boeken. Books.google.com. Retrieved 2012-08-15.
- ↑ Early American hurricanes 1492-1870, David Ludlum, pg 21-22
- 1 2 Mújica-Baker, Frank. Huracanes y Tormentas que han afectadi a Puerto Rico (PDF). Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, Agencia Estatal para el manejo de Emergencias y Administracion de Desastres. p. 8. Retrieved August 30, 2010.
- ↑ Early American hurricanes 1492-1870, David Ludlum, pg 22
- ↑ Early American hurricanes 1492-1870, David Ludlum, pg 23
- ↑ "Hurricanes in Jamaica, West Indies". Monthly Weather Review 28 (12): 550. 1900. Bibcode:1900MWRv...28Q.550.. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1900)28[550a:HIJWI]2.0.CO;2Hurricanes in Jamaica, West Indies
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Johnson, Sherry (2011). Climate & Catastrophe in Cuba and the Atlantic World in the Age of Revolution. University of North Carolina Press. pp. 203–206. ISBN 978-0-8078-3493-0.
- ↑ "Wilmington District News" 20 (6). United States Army Corps of Engineers. June 2000: 3.
- ↑ Wilmington Chamber of Commerce (N.C.) (1872). Wilmington, North Carolina: Past, Present, and Future. History of Its Harbor, with Detailed Reports of the Work for Improving and Restoring the Same, Now Being Conducted by the U.S. Government. Resources and Advantages as an Entrepot for Western Cities. Harbor of Refuge, and Coaling Depot for the Navy and Merchant Marine. J. A. Engelhard. p. 25.
- ↑ Early American hurricanes 1492-1870, David Ludlum, pg 24
- ↑ Weddle, Robert S. "Gulf of Mexico". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved 2012-01-01.
- ↑ Virginia Gazette (August 6, 1767). "Virginia Gazette". p. 2.
- ↑ Early American hurricanes 1492-1870, David Ludlum, pg 25
- ↑ Early American hurricanes 1492-1870, David Ludlum, pg 26
- ↑ Anderson, Elizabeth B. (October 2003). Annapolis: A Walk Through History. Cornell Maritime Press/Tidewater Publications. p. 77. ISBN 978-0-87033-546-4.
- ↑ Philip Vickers Fithian (December 1, 1978). Journal & Letters of Philip Vickers Fithian. University of Virginia Press. pp. 183–184. ISBN 978-0-8139-0079-7.
- ↑ Michael Chenoweth (2006). "A Re-assessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity, 1700-1855" (PDF). NOAA. Retrieved 2007-02-12.
- ↑ Edward N. Rappaport, Jose Fernandez-Partagas, and Jack Beven (1997). "The Deadliest Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1492-1996". NOAA. Retrieved 2007-01-02.
- ↑ David Longshore (2008). Encyclopedia of Hurricanes, Typhoons, and Cyclones. Checkmark Books. p. 297. ISBN 0-8160-7409-7.
- 1 2 Walter J. Fraser, Jr. (2006). Lowcountry Hurricanes: Three Centuries of Storms at Sea and Ashore. University of Georgia Press. p. 30. ISBN 978-0-8203-2866-9.
- ↑ Early American hurricanes 1492-1870, David Ludlum, pg 29
- ↑ "Extract of a letter from Annotta Bay, Jamaica, dated August 5". The Pennsylvania Packet, and Daily Advertiser (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania). 29 September 1762.
- ↑ Mújica-Baker, Frank. Huracanes y Tormentas que han afectadi a Puerto Rico (PDF). Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, Agencia Estatal para el manejo de Emergencias y Administracion de Desastres. p. 9. Retrieved August 30, 2010.
- ↑ McCloskey, T. A.; Keller, G. (2009). "5000 year sedimentary record of hurricane strikes on the central coast of Belize". Quaternary International 195 (1–2): 53–68. Bibcode:2009QuInt.195...53M. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2008.03.003.
- ↑ Alavarez, Humberto Bravo, Rodolfo Sosa Echeverria, Pablo Sanchez Alavarez, and Arturo Butron Silva (2006-06-22). "Riesgo Quimico Asociado a Fenominos Hidrometeorologicos en el Estado de Verzacruz" (PDF). Inundaciones 2005 en el Estado de Veracruz. Universidad Veracruzana. p. 317. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
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