1894 in Italy

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Decades:	1860s 1870s 1880s 1890s 1900s 1910s 1920s
Years:	1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897

See also: 1893 in Italy, other events of 1894, 1895 in Italy.

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Events from the year 1894 in Italy.

Kingdom of Italy

• Monarch – Umberto I (1878–1900)
• Prime Minister - Francesco Crispi (1893–1896)

Events

The heads of the Fasci Siciliani in the courtroom cage at the trial in April 1894

The failed attempt to kill Crispi by the anarchist Paolo Lega on June 16, 1894

• January 3 – Prime Minister Francesco Crispi declares a state of siege throughout Sicily to quell the revolt of the Fasci Siciliani. General Roberto Morra di Lavriano is dispatched with 40,000 troops. A solidarity revolt of anarchists and republicans in the Lunigiana was crushed as well.^[1][2] The old order is restored through the use of extreme force, including summary executions. The Fasci are outlawed, the army and the police kill scores of protesters, and hundreds wounded.
• February 28 – Prime Minister Crispi reveals the "evidence" for a widespread conspiracy in parliament: the so-called "International Treaty of Bisacquino", signed by the French Government, the Czar of Russia, Giuseppe De Felice Giuffrida, the anarchists and the Vatican, with the goal to detach Sicily from the rest of the country and put it under a Franco-Russian protectorate.^[3] The Radical deputy Felice Cavallotti ridicules the conspiracy of Crispi.
• April 29 – Opening of the Roma San Pietro railway station (Italian: Stazione di Roma San Pietro) in Rome.
• May 30 – The leaders of the Fasci Siciliani are sentenced in Palermo: Giuseppe de Felice Giuffrida to 18 years and Rosario Garibaldi Bosco, Nicola Barbato and Bernardino Verro to 12 years in jail.^[4]
• June 16 - Failed attempt to kill Prime Minister Francesco Crispi by the anarchist Paolo Lega. In this climate of increased the fear of anarchism, Crispi was able to introduce a series of anti-anarchist laws in July 1894, which were also used against socialists. Heavy penalties were announced for “incitement to class hatred” and police received extended powers of preventive arrest and deportation.^[5]
• July 15 – The former governor Bernardo Tanlongo, the main defendant in the Banca Romana scandal and several of his subordinates are acquitted by the Court. ^[6][7]
• July 17 – Battle of Kassala between Italian troops and Mahdist Sudanese forces. The Italians are victorious, and capture the town of Kassala.
• October 10 – Foundation of the Banca Commerciale Italiana (BCI) as the successor of the Credito Mobiliare that collapsed during the Italian banking crisis of 1893–1894. The bank specializes in loans to industry, especially to companies in shipping, textiles, and electricity in Northern Italy.
• November 8 – The Touring Club Ciclistico Italiano (TCCI) is founded in Milan by a group of bicyclists to promote the values of cycling and travel; its founding president is Luigi Vittorio Bertarelli.

Births

• January 6 – Ferdinando Garimberti, Italian violin maker (died 1982)
• January 20 – Alfredo Pizzoni, Italian banker and politician (died 1958)
• February 4 – Nunzio Malasomma, Italian film director and screenwriter (died 1974)
• March 24 – Elsa Respighi (née Olivieri-Sangiacomo), Italian composer (died 1996)
• April 20 – Enrico Prampolini, Italian Futurist painter, sculptor and scenographer (died 1956)
• May 12 – Clemente Primieri, Italian general (died 1981)
• June 5 – Giuseppe Tucci, Italian scholar of oriental cultures, specialising in Tibet and history of Buddhism (died 1984)
• July 6 – Filippo Zappata, Italian engineer and aircraft designer (died 1994)
• July 8 – Carlo Ludovico Bragaglia, Italian film director
• August 1 – Ottavio Bottecchia, Italian cyclist and the first Italian winner of the Tour de France (died 1927)
• August 20 – Tecla Scarano, Italian film actress (died 1978)
• September 29 – Franco Capuana, Italian conductor
• October 30 – Emilio Materassi, Italian Grand Prix motor racing driver.

Deaths

• February 2 – Marco Mortara, Italian rabbi and scholar (born 1815)
• February 18 – Camillo Sivori, Italian virtuoso violinist and composer (born 1815)
• April 13 – Baldassarre Boncompagni, Italian historian of mathematics (born 1821)
• April 29 – Giuseppe Battaglini, Italian mathematician (born 1826)
• May 2 – Pietro Abbà Cornaglia, Italian organist, concert pianist, and composer (born 1851)
• June 13 – Giovanni Nicotera, Italian patriot and politician (born 1828)
• June 23 – Marietta Alboni, Italian contralto opera singer (born 1826)
• August 5 – Giovanni Muzzioli, Italian painter (born 1854)
• August 16 – Sante Geronimo Caserio, Italian anarchist and the assassin of Marie François Sadi Carnot, President of the French Third Republic (born 1873)
• August 21 – Giacomo Durando, Italian general and statesman (born 1807)
• September 20 – Giovanni Battista de Rossi, Italian archaeologist, famous outside his field for his rediscovery of early Christian catacombs (born 1822).
• December 14 – Francesco Denza, Italian meteorologist and astronomer (born 1834)
• December 28 – Caterina Volpicelli, Italian nun, foundress of the Congregation “Ancelle del Sacro Cuore di Gesù” (Maids of the Sacred Heart of Jesus) (born 1839)

References

1. The Italian Government Alarmed; More Troops Called Out for Service in Sicily, The New York Times, January 4, 1894
2. Martial Law Proclaimed In Sicily; Stern Measures Resorted To to Quiet the Anti-Tax Troubles, The New York Times, January 5, 1894
3. (Italian) I contadini in ginocchio, La Sicilia, January 8, 2012
4. Sicilian Rioters Sentenced, The New York Times, May 31, 1894
5. Seton-Watson, Italy from liberalism to fascism, pp. 165-67
6. (Italian) Tanlongo, il maestro di Calvi e Sindona, Corriere della Sera, April 26, 1993
7. Tanlongo Not Guilty; Jury Acquits Him of Fraud in Managing the Banca Romana, The New York Times, July 29, 1894

• Seton-Watson, Christopher (1967). Italy from liberalism to fascism, 1870-1925, New York: Taylor & Francis, 1967 ISBN 0-416-18940-7