British 18 inch torpedo

There have been a number of 18 inch torpedoes in service with the United Kingdom.

These have been used on ships of the Royal Navy and aircraft of both the Fleet Air Arm and Royal Air Force, while Royal Navy surface ships and submarines use 21 inch torpedoes.

Note that the British "18 inch" torpedoes were 17.72 inches (45.0 cm) in diameter, beginning with the "Fiume" Whitehead torpedo of 1890.

45 cm "Fiume" (Whitehead) torpedo

Main article: Whitehead torpedo

First introduced into British service in 1894.^[1]

Year : about 1888
Weight : 845 lb (383 kg)
Length : 11 ft 8 in (3.56 m)
Warhead : 118 lb (54 kg) wet gun-cotton
Performance : 26.5 knots (49.1 km/h; 30.5 mph) for 800 yd (730 m)
Propulsion : Compressed air

18 inch Mark V

Used on the River class and 1905 Tribal class destroyers.

Year : about 1899^[1]
Weight : 1,353 lb (614 kg)
Warhead : 296 lb (134 kg) including pistol
Propulsion : Compressed air

18 inch Mark VI

Used on Destroyers of the early 1900s.

Year : about 1904^[1]
Performance : 28.5 knots (52.8 km/h; 32.8 mph) for 4,000 yd (3,700 m) or 41 knots (76 km/h; 47 mph) for 1,000 yd (910 m)
Propulsion : Compressed air

18 inch Mark VII and VII*

Introduced on the 1908 members of the 1905 Tribal class destroyers. Used by torpedo boats built before the First World War and destroyers. Used by RAF flying boats in the 1920s.

Year : 1907^[1]
Warhead : 320 lb (150 kg) TNT
Performance :
- Mark VII :
  30 knots (56 km/h; 35 mph) for 6,000–7,000 yd (5,500–6,400 m)
  41 knots (76 km/h; 47 mph) for 3,000 yd (2,700 m)
- Mark VII* :
  29 knots (54 km/h; 33 mph) for 7,000 yd (6,400 m)
  35 knots (65 km/h; 40 mph) for 5,000 yd (4,600 m)
Propulsion : Wet-heater

18 inch Mark VIII

Year: 1913
Role: Submarines and aircraft (Note: During World War II and after the Mk.VIII was a 21 inch torpedo)
Warhead: 320 lb (150 kg) TNT
Propulsion: Wet heater
Performance: 35 knots (65 km/h; 40 mph) for 2,500 yd (2,300 m)

18 inch Mark XI

Year: 1934
Aircraft carried
Dimensions: 17.72 in (450 mm) dia.
Warhead: 465 lb (211 kg) TNT
Propulsion: Burner cycle
Performance: 35 knots (65 km/h; 40 mph) for 2,500 yd (2,300 m)

18 inch Mark XII

18 inch Mark XII
A Mark XII torpedo fitted to a Bristol Beaufighter
Type	Torpedo
Place of origin	United Kingdom
Service history
In service	1937-1945
Production history
Designed	1935
Specifications
Weight	1,548 lb (702 kg)
Length	16 ft 3 in (4.95 m)
Diameter	17.72 in (450 mm)

Warhead	TNT
Warhead weight	388 lb (176 kg)

Engine	Burner cycle 140 hp (at 40 knots)
Speed	40 knots (74 km/h; 46 mph) for 1,500 yd (1,400 m) or 37 knots (69 km/h; 43 mph) for 3,500 yd (3,200 m)

Aircraft launched, used by Fleet Air Arm and RAF Coastal Command.

18 inch Mark XIV

18 inch Mark XIV
Type	Torpedo
Place of origin	United Kingdom
Production history
Designed	around 1938
Specifications
Weight	1,630 lb (740 kg)
Diameter	17.72 in (450 mm)

Warhead	TNT
Warhead weight	375 lb (170 kg)

Engine	Whitehead wet heater (methyl fuel)
Speed	45 knots (83 km/h; 52 mph) for 1,650 yd (1,510 m) or 41 knots (76 km/h; 47 mph) for 2,950 yd (2,700 m)

The Mark XIV was an aircraft-launched torpedo. Stocks were lost with the fall of Singapore.

18 inch Mark XV

Year: 1942
Operators: Fleet Air Arm, RAF Coastal Command, Royal Navy
Role: Aircraft and Motor Torpedo Boats, 1943 onwards
Dimensions: 17.72 in (450 mm) × 17 ft 3 in (5.26 m)
Warhead: 545 lb (247 kg) Torpex
Propulsion: Burner cycle
Performance: 40 knots (74 km/h; 46 mph) for 2,500 yd (2,300 m) or 33 knots (61 km/h; 38 mph) for 3,500 yd (3,200 m)

18 inch Mark XVI

Electric torpedo project not completed.

18 inch Mark XVII

United Kingdom, 1944
Aircraft launched
Operated by FAA, RAF Coastal Command, Blackburn Firebrand
Dimensions: 17.72 in (450 mm) × 17 ft 3 in (5.26 m)
Warhead: 600 lb (270 kg) Torpex
Propulsion: Burner cycle
Performance: 40 knots (74 km/h; 46 mph) for 2,500 yd (2,300 m)

18 inch Mark 30

Main article: 18" Mark 30 torpedo

Mk 30 Torpedo

An air-dropped passive acoustic homing torpedo known as "Dealer" and "Dealer B". "Dealer" did not see service use, but its successor, "Dealer B" (the Mark 30 Mod 0), was issued from June 1954. Considered very successful with approximately 1,200 being built, it served in both the Royal Navy and RAF until 1970. The Mark 30 Mod 1 had several improvements, but this program was cancelled in 1955 in favour of purchasing Mark 43 Mod 3 torpedoes from the USA.^[2]

Length: 8 ft (2.4 m)^[3]
Weight: 646 lb (293 kg)
Performance: 12.5 knots (23.2 km/h; 14.4 mph) for 3,000 yd (2,700 m) or 19 knots (35 km/h; 22 mph) for 830 yd (760 m)

Notes

1 2 3 4 "British Torpedoes Pre-World War II". navweaps.com. Retrieved 7 July 2010.
↑ "British Torpedoes after World War II". navweaps.com. Retrieved 7 July 2010.
↑ "Mk 30 Torpedo". saairforce.co.za. Retrieved 7 July 2010.

References

Tony DiGiulian, Pre Second World War torpedoes
Tony DiGiulian, Torpedoes of the Second World War

External links

Royal Navy torpedoes

Whitehead torpedo 18-inch torpedo Mark V to XVII 21-inch torpedo Mark I to 24 24.5-inch torpedo Bliss-Leavitt Mark 8 torpedo Mark 24 mine 18" Mark 30 torpedo Mark 43 torpedo Mark 44 torpedo Mark 46 torpedo Tigerfish torpedo Spearfish torpedo Sting Ray torpedo

See also: Brennan torpedo

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