List of anime by release date (pre-1939)

For anime that was created prior to 1917, see Before 1917 in anime.
A clip from the short film Namakura Gatana (1917), the oldest extant film made for cinemas known to exist.

This is a list of anime by release date which covers Japanese animated productions that were made between 1917–1938. Anime in Japan can be traced back to three key figures whom in the early 20th century started experimenting with paper animation. It is unknown when the first animated film was made, but historians have tied the year 1917 as being the key date. Very few of the first animations that were made survive to this day due to a powerful earthquake that devastated Japan in 1923. At one point it was even thought that all animated works made before the earthquake were lost until the discovery of two films in 2008. Production of animated works resumed again after the earthquake, and by the early/mid 1930s sound, and cel animation were starting to appear. Later in the decade, Japan went to war with China, resulting in paper needed for the war to be used sparingly. As a result, new manga stories disappeared from the public while the Japanese government stepped in to regulate what was being released through the cinemas to take its place. The mid to late 1930s saw more animated works that were propaganda-themed to rally the public's support.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

1917–1922

1917 was the year of definitive firsts in the history of Japanese animation. The three key figures at the time were Ōten Shimokawa, Seitarou Kitayama, and Junichi Kouchi each contributing to making the first short films that would be known as anime. There is much debate over which gets the honor of the first animated film, and even the exact date of that film's premiere. According to contemporary sources of the time, an unknown titled film of Tennenshoku Katsudō Shashin premiered in January. Evidence of this comes from Kinema Record, with the July edition making specific claim to the first release occurring in January, but does not specify the title of the work.[1] Shimokawa's film Imokawa Mukozo the Doorman is conventionally and largely claimed to be the first work, but contemporary sources portray it as the "third" film. Speculation about the error is debated, but the two now lost films and their contents have been reported by various sources allowing for a clearer picture of the early history.

The first confirmed film release occurred in the first ten days of February, with Shimokawa's Dekobō shingachō – Meian no shippai (凸坊新画帳・名案の失敗 Bumpy new picture book – Failure of a great plan).[1] The film was produced with chalk on a blackboard, with redrawing for each frame. Shimokawa would switch to paper for later, but the exact date and work to depict the switch is unknown.[1] Kouchi's first film Hanawa Hekonai Meitō no Maki (塙凹内名刀之巻 Hanawa Hekonai – The famous sword) also known as Namakura Gatana (なまくら刀 Dull Katana) and Tameshigiri (試し斬 The sword test) premiered on June 30. This film is currently the earliest surviving work, and was only rediscovered in March 2008.[2] Katsudō Shashin was widely reported as possibly dating to 1907, but is of unconfirmed origin and is not known to have premiered or been produced for commercial interest.

Of the animated films produced in 1918, only two are known today. These films include Momotarō, which was the first animated film to be shown outside Japan, and Tarou Urashima which is based on the Japanese legend Urashima Tarō.[3] Despite the findings of animated shorts dated between 1917, and 1918 there are no known animated films that were made from 1919 to 1923 in existence. In 1923 a powerful, and deadly earthquake struck Japan which might have been the cause for the lack of animated films that have surfaced.

English Name Japanese Name Romaji Format Original Release Date Status
Battle of a Monkey and a Crab 猿蟹合戦 Sarukani gassen Short Film 1917[1] Lost film
Bumpy new picture book – Failure of a great plan 凸坊新画帳・名案の失敗 Dekobō shingachō – Meian no shippai Short Film 1917[1] Lost film[4]
Bunbuku kettle
Fairy-tale: Bunbuku kettle		 文福茶釜
お伽噺・文福茶釜		 Bunbuku chagama
Otogibanashi-Bunbuku chagama 		Short Film 1917[1] Lost film
Cat and Mice 猫と鼠 Neko to nezumi Short Film 1917[1] Unknown
Chamebō ‒ Air gun
Chame’s air gun		 茶目坊空気銃の巻
茶目の空気銃 		Chamebō Kūkijū no maki
Chame no kūkijū 		Short Film 1917[1] Unknown
Chamebō's new picture book – The Revenge of Mr. and Mrs. Flea 茶目坊新画帳・蚤夫婦仕返しの巻 Chamebō shingachō – Nomi fūfu shikaeshi no maki Short Film 1917[1] Unknown
Great Oaks from Little Acorns Grow 塵も積もれば山となる Chiri mo tsumoreba yama to naru Short Film 1917[1] Unknown
Hanawa Hekonai – The Famous Sword
Dull Katana
The Sword Test 		塙凹内名刀之巻
なまくら刀
試し斬 		Hanawa Hekonai Meitō no Maki
Namakura Gatana
Tameshigiri 		Short Film 1917[1] Extant
Hanawa Hekonai – The Kappa Festival 塙凹内かっぱまつり Hanawa Hekonai Kappa matsuri Short Film 1917[1] Unknown
Imokawa Mukuzō goes fishing
Chamebōzu goes fishing		 芋川椋三釣の巻
茶目坊主魚釣の巻 		Imokawa Mukuzō Tsuri no maki
Chamebōzu Uozuri no maki 		Short Film 1917[1] Unknown
Imokawa Mukuzō – Somersault 芋川椋三宙返りの巻 Imokawa Mukuzō - Chūgaeri no maki Short Film 1917[1] Unknown
Imokawa Mukozo the Doorman 芋川椋三玄関番の巻 Imokawa Mukuzo Genkanban no Maki Short Film 1917[1] Lost film
Kachikachi Mountain カチカチ山 Kachikachiyama Short Film 1917[1] Lost film
Naughty Mailbox いたずらポスト Itazura posuto Short Film 1917[1] Unknown
Sparrow with no Tongue 舌切雀 Shitakire suzume Short Film 1917[1] Lost film
The Dream Car 夢の自動車 Yume no jidōsha Short Film 1917[1][5] Unknown
The Ministry of Culture's Art Exhibition 文展の巻 Bunten no maki Short Film 1917 Unconfirmed to exist[1]
The Old Man Who Made Flowers Bloom 花咲爺 Hanasaka-jiji Short Film 1917[1][6] Lost film
The Pot and the Black Cat お鍋と黒猫の巻 Onabe to kuroneko no maki Short Film 1917 Unconfirmed to exist[1]
What to do with your Postal Savings 貯金の勧 Chokin no susume Short Film 1917[1] Lost film
Issun-bōshi 一寸法師 Issun-bōshi Short Film 1918[7] Unknown
Kintarō 金太郎 Kintarou Short Film 1918[8] Unknown
Momotaro (anime) 桃太郎 Momotarou Short Film 1918[3] Extant
Tarou Urashima 浦島太郎 Urashima Tarou Short Film 1918[2] Extant

1923 earthquake

Total destruction of Nihonbashi and Kanda seen from the Roof of Dai-ichi Sogo Building, Kyōbashi

The 1923 Great Kantō earthquake which occurred on September 1 dealt incredible damage in Japan, the greatest prior to World War II which resulted in 105,385 confirmed deaths.[9][10][11] Prior to the rediscovery of several Japanese animated films it was presumed that all prints produced up to its date had been destroyed. The account and record of these films themselves has been expanded, with Patten's Watching Anime, Reading Manga: 25 Years of Essays and Reviews 2004 book claiming that three films were produced in 1917 when over a dozen works are now known.[1][12] Despite the findings, the earthquake along with World War II have resulted in only 4% of all Japanese films made before 1945 being known to exist today.[13]

1924–1938

After the earthquake production of new films took place within a year. For the early films, benshi, storytellers were hired who sat next to the screen and narrated the silent movies. They were descendants of kabuki jōruri, kōdan storytellers, theater barkers and other forms of oral storytelling.[14] The first animated "talkie" or sound film titled Chikara to Onna no Yo no Naka ("World of Power and Women") was made in 1933, now a lost film it was a breakthrough for Japanese animation.[15] However, at the time more than 80 percent of movies made in the country were still silents.[16] By the mid 1930s the animation style was changing as well, chiyogami or paper animation was being phased out in favor of cel animation. Previously this latter form had been dismissed as too costly to use.[17] In 1934, the first entirely cel animated short entitled The Dance of the Chagamas was made.[18] Cel animated shorts of the mid 1930s borrowed aspects that were being used at the time by Disney. Towards the end of the decade, political events taking place at home as well as abroad were changing animation styles in Japan towards propaganda, and national pride.

English Name Japanese Name Romaji Format Original Release Date Status
The Hare and The Tortoise 兎と亀 Usagi to Kame Short Film 1924[19][20] Extant
Dreamy Urashima ノンキナトウサン竜宮参り Nonkinatousan Ryugu Mairi Short Film 1925[20] Lost film
Shiobara Tasuke 塩原多助 Shiobara Tasuke Short Film 1925[18][21] Extant
Journey to the West: Songoku's Story 西遊記孫悟空物語 Saiyuuki: Son Gokuu Monogatari Short Film 1926[22][23] Extant[24]
A Ship of Oranges みかん船 Mikan-bune Short Film 1927[22][23] Extant[24]
The Octopus Skeleton タコなしホーン Tako no Hone Short Film 1927[23][25] Unknown
The Whale くじら Kujira Short Film 1927[26][27] Unknownα
Animal Olympic Games 動物オリムピック大会 Doubutsu Olympic Taikai Short Film 1928[28] Extant
Mighty Taro's Reckless Training 大力太郎の無茶修行 Tairiki Tarou no Mucha Shugyou Short Film 1928[29] Extant
Momotaro the Undefeated 日本一桃太郎 Nihonichi Momotaro Short Film 1928[30] Extant
The Bunbuku Teapot 文福茶釜 Bunbuku Chagama Short Film 1928[18] Extant
Taro's Toy Train 太郎さんの汽車 Taro-san no Kisha Short Film 1929[31] Extant
The Black Cat 黒ニャゴ Kuro Nyago Short Film 1929[23][31] Extant
The Stolen Lump 瘤取り Kobutori Short Film 1929[31] Extant
The Tiny One Makes it Big 一寸法師ノ出世 Issunboushi no Shusse Short Film 1929[31] Extant
Chimney Sweep Pero 煙突屋ペロー Entotsuya Peroo Short Film 1930[32] Extant
Chopped Snake ちょん切れ蛇 Chongire Hebi Short Film 1930[23][33] Extant
The Bat かうもり Komori Short Film 1930[31] Extant
The Monkey Masamune 猿正宗 Saru Masamune Short Film 1930[23][34] Extant
The Village Festival 村祭り Mura Matsuri Short Film 1930[35][36] Extant
Animal Sumo 動物相撲大会 Doubutsu Sumo Taikai Short Film 1931[37] Extant
Chameko's Day 茶目子の一日 Chameko no Ichinichi Short Film 1931[38] Extant
Home Alone Mice 鼠の留守番 Nezumi no Rusuban Short Film 1931[37] Extant
Momotaro's Sky Adventure 空の桃太郎 Sora no Momotarou Short Film 1931[23][37] Extant
Our Baseball Match おい等の野球 Oira no Yakyuu Short Film 1931[31] Extant
Shipwreck Story - First Chapter - Monkey Island 難船ス物語 第一篇 猿ケ島 Nansensu Monogatari - Daiichi-hen - Sarugashima Short Film 1931[39] Extant
Shipwreck Story - Second Chapter - The Pirate Ship 難船ス物語 第二篇 海賊船 Nansensu Monogatari - Daini-hen - Kaizokusen Short Film 1931[40] Extant
Song of Spring 春の唄 Haru no Uta Short Film 1931[37][41] Extant
Taro Urashima 浦島太郎 Urashima Taro Short Film 1931[31] Extant
The Duckling Saves the Day アヒルのお手柄 Ahiru no Otegara Short Film 1931 Extant[42]
The National Anthem Kimigayo 国歌 君か代 Kokka Kimigayo Short Film 1931[31] Extant
The Unlucky Butterfly 蝶のさいなん Cho no Sainan Short Film 1931[37] Extant
Ugoki-e Kori no Tatehiki 動絵狐狸達引 Ugoki-e Kori no Tatehiki Short Film 1931[18] Extant
Momotarou of the Sea / Momotaro's Underwater Adventure 海の桃太郎 Umi no Momotaro Short Film 1932[37] Extant
Olympic Games on Dankichi Island ダン吉島のオリムピック大会 Dankichi-jima no Olympic Taikai Short Film 1932[43] Extant
Sports Day at Animal Village 動物村のスポーツデー Doubutsu-mura no Sports Day Short Film 1932[37] Extant
The Plane Cabby's Lucky Day 大当り空の円タク Ooatari Sora No Entaku Short Film 1932[37] Extant
2nd Lieutenant Norakuro: Sunday Magic のらくろ少尉～日曜日の怪事件 Norakuro Shoui: Nichiyoubi no Kaijiken Short Film 1933 Extant
Larks' Moving Day 雲雀の宿替 Hibari no Yadogae Short Film 1933[37] Extant
Private 2nd Class Norakuro: The Training のらくろ二等兵 演習の巻 Norakuro Nitouhei: Enshuu no Maki Short Film 1933[37] Extant
Private 2nd Class Norakuro: The Drill のらくろ二等兵 教練の巻 Norakuro Nitouhei: Kyouren no Maki Short Film 1933[37] Extant
Sanko and the Octopus: A Fight Over a Fortune 三公と蛸～百万両珍騒動 Sanko to Tako: Hyakuman-ryo Chinsodo Short Film 1933[37] Extant
World of Power and Women 力と女の世の中 Chikara to Onna no Yo no Naka Short Film 1933[18] Lost film
Corporal Norakuro のらくろ伍長 Norakuro Gochou Short Film 1934[23][44] Extant
Dankichi on a Tropical Island 冒険ダン吉～漂流の巻 Bouken Dankichi: Hyouryuu no Maki Short Film 1934 Extant
Dekobo the Big Head's Road Trip 凸坊の自動車旅行 Dekobou no Jidousha Ryokou Short Film 1934 Extant
Hyoei and Heibei's Tengu Hunt 天狗退治 Tengu Taiji Short Film 1934[44] Extant
Princess of the Moon Palace 月の宮の王女様 Tsuki no Miya no Oujo-sama Short Film 1934[45] Extant
Sankichi the Monkey: Shock Troops お猿の三吉 突撃隊 Osaru no Sankichi: Totsugeki Tai no Kan Short Film 1934[44] Extant
The Dance of the Chagamas/The Teakettle Marching Song 茶釜音頭 Chagama Ondo Short Film 1934[18] Extant
Toy Box Series Episode 3: Picture Book 1936 オモチャ箱シリーズ第3話 絵本1936年 Omocha-Bako Series, Dai-3-Wa: Ehon 1936-nen Short Film 1934 Extant
Danemon Ban - The Monster Exterminator 漫画 證城寺の狸囃子 塙団右衛門 Ban Danemon - Shojoji no tanuki-bayashi Short Film 1935[18][46] Extant
Hatanosuke and the Haunted House 日の丸旗之助～化物屋敷の巻 Hinomaru Hatanosuke: Bakemono Yashiki no Maki Short Film 1935 Extant
Hinomaru Hatanosuke Takes Down the Inazuma Gang 日の丸旗之助～稲妻組討伐の巻 Hinomaru Hatanosuke: Inazuma-gumi Tobatsu no Maki Short Film 1935 Extant
Ninja Fireball in Edo 忍術火の玉小僧～江戸の巻 Ninjutsu Hinotama Kozou: Edo no Maki Short Film 1935[44] Extant
Private 1st Class NoraKuro のらくろ一等兵 Norakuro Ittohei Short Film 1935[47] Extant
Private 2nd Class NoraKuro のらくろ二等兵 Norakuro Nitouhei Short Film 1935[48] Extant
Ta-chan's Underwater Adventure ターチャンの海底旅行 Taa-chan no Kaitei Ryokou Short Film 1935[44] Extant
Taro's Monster Hunt 古寺のおばけ騒動 Furudera no Obake-soudou Short Film 1935[49] Extant
The Underwater Tyrant 海底の暴君 Kaitei no Boukun Short Film 1935 Extant
Tiny Chibisuke's Big Adventure 一寸法師〜ちび助物語 Issunboushi: Chibisuke Monogatari Short Film 1935[44] Extant
Why is the Sea Water Salty? 海の水はなぜからい Umi no Mizu Hanaze Karai Short Film 1935[44] Extant
Chinkoroheibei and the Treasure Box ちんころ平平玉手箱 Chinkoroheibei to tamatebako Short Film 1936[50] Extant
Mabo's Big Race マー坊の大競争 Maabou no Daikyousou Short Film 1936[49] Extant
A Night at the Bar 居酒屋の一夜 Izakaya no Ichiya Short Film 1936[23][44] Extant
Taro's Early Training Days 日の丸太郎～武者修行の巻 Hinomaru Tarou: Musha Shugyou no Maki Short Film 1936[49] Extant
The Monkey Fleet お猿の艦隊 Osaru no Kantai Short Film 1936[44] Extant
The Sparrows' Lodge 雀のお宿 Suzume no Oyado Short Film 1936[44] Extant
The Sun and the Frogs お日様と蛙 Ohi-sama to Kaeru Short Film 1936[44] Extant
Maabou no Shounen Koukuu Tsuwamono マー坊の少年航空兵 Maabou no Shounen Koukuu Tsuwamono Short Film 1937[51] Extant
Mabo as Tokichiro Kinoshita マー坊の木下藤吉郎 Maabou no Kinoshita Toukichiro Short Film 1938[49] Extant
NoraKuro's Tiger Hunt のらくろ虎退治 Norakuro tora taiji Short Film 1938[52] Extant
Taro Overseas - Kaikoku Taro Shin Nihon-jima Banzai Short Film 1938[23] Extant

See also

Notes

^α "The Whale" was recreated by Noburō Ōfuji in 1952 using cutouts of transparent coloured cellophane.[53] It is unclear what happened to the original black and white production.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Litten, Frederick. "Some remarks on the first Japanese animation films in 1917" (PDF). Retrieved 3 March 2015.
  2. 1 2 "Two Nine-Decade-Old Anime Films Discovered (Updated)". Anime News Network.
  3. 1 2 Jean Ann Wright (January 24, 2005). Animation Writing and Development: From Script Development to Pitch. Focal Press. p. 27. ISBN 978-0-2408-0549-8. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
  4. ↑ "日本アニメ史:新説、「最古」は下川凹天の別作品". 2013-07-08. Archived from the original on July 12, 2007. Retrieved 2016-01-09.
  5. ↑ "夢の自動車" (in Japanese). Japanese Movie Database. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
  6. ↑ "花咲爺". Nikkatsu. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
  7. ↑ "一寸法師" (in Japanese). Japanese Movie Database. Retrieved 2016-01-12.
  8. ↑ "金太郎" (in Japanese). Japanese Movie Database. Retrieved 2016-01-12.
  9. ↑ "The 1923 Tokyo Earthquake". Archived from the original on 19 February 2007. Retrieved 2007-02-22.
  10. ↑ Thomas A. Stanley and R.T.A. Irving (2001-09-05). "The 1923 Kanto Earthquake". Archived from the original on 2007-03-04. Retrieved 2007-02-22.
  11. ↑ James, Charles D. (2002-10-08). "The 1923 Tokyo Earthquake and Fire" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 March 2007. Retrieved 2007-02-22.
  12. ↑ Patten,Fred. Watching Anime, Reading Manga: 25 Years of Essays and Reviews. p. 370.
  13. ↑ urbanora (March 28, 2008). "Early anime discovered". thebioscope.net. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
  14. ↑ Dym, Jeffrey A. (2003). Benshi, Japanese Silent Film Narrators, and Their Forgotten Narrative Art of Setsumei: A History of Japanese Silent Film Narration. Edwin Mellen Press. ISBN 978-0-7734-6648-7.
  15. ↑ Baricordi, Andrea (December 2000). Anime: A Guide to Japanese Animation (1958-1988). Montreal, Quebec, Canada: Protoculture Inc. p. 12. ISBN 2-9805759-0-9.
  16. ↑ Freiberg, Freda (1987). The Transition to Sound in Japan in History on/and/in Film. Perth: History & Film Association of Australia. p. 76.
  17. ↑ Sharp, Jasper (2009). "The First Frames of Anime". The Roots of Japanese Anime, official booklet, DVD.
  18. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Sharp, Jasper (23 September 2004). "Pioneers of Japanese Animation". Midnight Eye: The Latest and Best in Japanese Cinema. Retrieved 2009-05-20.
  19. ↑ "兎と亀" (in Japanese). Japanese Movie Database. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
  20. 1 2 Jasper Sharp (October 13, 2011). Historical Dictionary of Japanese Cinema. Scarecrow Press. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-8108-5795-7. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
  21. ↑ "Shiobara Tasuke" (in Japanese). Japanese Movie Database. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
  22. 1 2 Jasper Sharp (October 13, 2011). Historical Dictionary of Japanese Cinema. Scarecrow Press. p. 185. ISBN 978-0-8108-5795-7. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
  23. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Sharp, Jasper (23 September 2004). "Pioneers of Japanese Animation (Part 2)". Midnight Eye: The Latest and Best in Japanese Cinema. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
  24. 1 2 "Osaka venue guest events" (in Japanese). anikr.com. Retrieved 2016-01-11.
  25. ↑ Giannalberto Bendazzi (November 17, 2015). Animation: A World History: Volume I: Foundations - The Golden Age. CRC Press. p. none. ISBN 978-1-1388-5452-9. Retrieved 2016-01-11.
  26. ↑ Frenchy Lunning (December 26, 2007). Mechademia 2: Networks of Desire. Minnesota Press. p. 99. ISBN 978-0-8166-5266-2. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
  27. ↑ Jonathan Clements, Helen McCarthy (March 3, 2015). The Anime Encyclopedia, 3rd Revised Edition: A Century of Japanese Animation. Stone Bridge Press. p. none. ISBN 978-1-6117-2018-1. Retrieved 2015-01-10.
  28. ↑ "動物オリムピック大" (in Japanese). Japanese Movie Database. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
  29. ↑ "Tairiki Tarō no mucha shugyō". Japanese Cinema Database. Retrieved 14 July 2013.
  30. ↑ "Nihonichi Momotarō". Image Library. Musashino Bijutsu Daigaku. Retrieved 14 July 2013.
  31. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Japanese Anime Classic Collection [Disc 1]". www.digital-meme.com. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
  32. ↑ "『煙突屋ペロー』（1930）戦争の影が忍び寄る昭和初期に制作されていたアニメ短編。" (in Japanese). webry.info. 2014-05-20. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
  33. ↑ Jonathan Clements, Helen McCarthy (March 3, 2015). The Anime Encyclopedia, 3rd Revised Edition: A Century of Japanese Animation. Stone Bridge Press. p. none. ISBN 978-1-6117-2018-1. Retrieved 2015-01-11.
  34. ↑ "The Monkey Masamune". The Roots of Japanese Anime. Episode 4. 1930.
  35. ↑ "The Village Festival (村祭, 1930)". nishikataeiga.blogspot.com. March 15, 2010. Retrieved March 3, 2015.
  36. ↑ "The Village festival". The Roots of Japanese Anime. Episode 1. 1930.
  37. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "Japanese Anime Classic Collection [Disc 2]". www.digital-meme.com. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
  38. ↑ "Chameko's Day". The Roots of Japanese Anime. Episode 5. 1931.
  39. ↑ "難船ス物語　第一篇　猿ケ島" (in Japanese). Japanese Movie Database. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
  40. ↑ "難船ス物語　第二篇　海" (in Japanese). Japanese Movie Database. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
  41. ↑ "Song of Spring". The Roots of Japanese Anime. Episode 2. 1931.
  42. ↑ "Ahiru no Otegara アヒルのお手柄". Youtube. March 27, 2015. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
  43. ↑ "Olympic Games on Dankichi Island". nishikataeiga.blogspot.com. April 14, 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
  44. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "Japanese Anime Classic Collection [Disc 3]". www.digital-meme.com. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
  45. ↑ "月の宮の王女様" (in Japanese). Japanese Movie Database. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
  46. ↑ "Danemon Ban - the Monster Exterminator". The Roots of Japanese Anime. Episode 6. 1935.
  47. ↑ "のらくろ一等兵" (in Japanese). Japanese Movie Database. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
  48. ↑ "のらくろ二等兵" (in Japanese). Japanese Movie Database. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
  49. 1 2 3 4 "Japanese Anime Classic Collection [Disc 4]". www.digital-meme.com. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
  50. ↑ "Chinkoroheibei and the Treasure Box". The Roots of Japanese Anime. Episode 3. 1936.
  51. ↑ "Maabou no Shounen Koukuu Tsuwamono" (in Japanese). Japanese Movie Database. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
  52. ↑ "NoraKuro's Tiger Hunt" (in Japanese). Japanese Movie Database. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
  53. ↑ Catherine Munroe Hotes (December 4, 2011). "Noburo Ofuji’s Whale (くじら, 1952)". nishikataeiga.blogspot.com. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
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