1920 Georgia Tech Golden Tornado football team

1920 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football
The Golden Tornado
SIAA co-champion
Conference	Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association
1920 record	8–1 (5–0 SIAA)
Head coach	William Alexander (1st year)
Assistant coach	F. F. Wood
Assistant coach	Joe Guyon
Offensive scheme	Jump shift
Captain	Buck Flowers
Home stadium	Grant Field

1920 SIAA football standings
	Conf							Overall
Team	W		L		T			W		L		T
Georgia +	8	–	0	–	0			8	–	0	–	1
Georgia Tech +	5	–	0	–	0			8	–	1	–	0
Tulane +	4	–	0	–	0			6	–	2	–	1
Alabama	6	–	1	–	0			10	–	1	–	0
Furman	4	–	1	–	0			9	–	1	–	0
Centre	4	–	1	–	0			8	–	2	–	0
South Carolina	3	–	1	–	0			5	–	4	–	0
Auburn	4	–	2	–	0			7	–	2	–	0
Tennessee	4	–	2	–	0			7	–	2	–	0
Mississippi A&M	3	–	2	–	0			5	–	3	–	0
Vanderbilt	3	–	3	–	0			4	–	3	–	1
Sewanee	2	–	3	–	1			4	–	3	–	1
Transylvania	1	–	2	–	0			1	–	2	–	0
Chattanooga	1	–	3	–	1			3	–	4	–	1
Florida	1	–	3	–	0			6	–	3	–	0
LSU	1	–	3	–	0			5	–	3	–	1
Clemson	2	–	6	–	0			4	–	6	–	1
Mississippi College	1	–	4	–	0			3	–	5	–	0
Howard	1	–	5	–	0			3	–	5	–	1
The Citadel	1	–	5	–	0			2	–	6	–	0
Kentucky	0	–	3	–	1			3	–	4	–	1
Millsaps	0	–	2	–	0			0	–	2	–	0
Ole Miss	0	–	2	–	0			4	–	3	–	0
Georgetown	0	–	2	–	0			0	–	3	–	0
Mercer	0	–	4	–	0			2	–	7	–	0
Wofford	0	–	5	–	0			0	–	8	–	1
+ – Conference co-champions

The 1920 Georgia Tech Golden Tornado football team^{[n 1]} represented the Georgia Tech Golden Tornado of the Georgia Institute of Technology during the 1920 college football season. The Tornado was coached by William Alexander in his first year as head coach. The team compiled a record of 8–1 (5–0 SIAA), outscored opponents 312 to 16, and tied for first place with Georgia and Tulane in the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SIAA).^[3]

Georgia Tech played its home games at Grant Field. Its only loss was a controversial one to Pop Warner's Pittsburgh Panthers at Forbes Field.^[4][5] Florent Gibson of the Pittsburgh Post rated Tech as the best team in the country. Tech also handed Centre College its first loss to a southern team since 1916.

Several players received postseason honors. Tackle Bill Fincher made Walter Camp's first-team All-American, then just the fourth Southern player to do so. Captain and senior halfback Buck Flowers made some third-team All-America selections, and led the country with an average of 49.4 yards per punt.^[6]

Before the season

After last season, former coach John Heisman resigned and left Atlanta.^{[n 2]} New head coach William Alexander retained Heisman's scheme, using the pre-snap movement of his "jump shift" offense. One report reads: "Since Coach Alex has taken charge there is a change in the team. The youngest coach in major football, he is probably the most popular, and bids fair to prove himself the peer of them all. Not only is Coach the idol of members of the team, but of the student body as well."^[8] Former Tech running back and Chippewa Indian Joe Guyon assisted Alexander.^[9]

In 1920, football used a one-platoon system in which players played both offense, defense, and special teams. The team's most prominent players were in the backfield, including senior captain and halfback Buck Flowers, a small back who also handled drop kicks and punting. As a safety on defense, no player ever got past him for a touchdown.^[10] Halfback Red Barron and fullback Judy Harlan were also renowned.^{[n 3]} Most prominent in the line was tackle Bill Fincher, who also was the team's placekicker. Fincher had a glass eye which he would covertly pull out after feigning an injury, turn to his opponents and say: "So that's how you want to play!"^[12]

Schedule

Date	Time	Opponent	Site	Result	Attendance
September 25		Wake Forest*	Grant Field • Atlanta, GA	W 44–0	6,000
October 2		Oglethorpe*	Grant Field • Atlanta, GA	W 55–0
October 9		Davidson*	Grant Field • Atlanta, GA	W 66–0
October 16		at Vanderbilt	Dudley Field • Nashville, TN	W 44–0
October 23		at Pittsburgh*	Forbes Field • Pittsburgh, PA	L 3–10	37,000
October 30		Centre	Grant Field • Atlanta, GA	W 24–0	15,000
November 6		Clemson	Grant Field • Atlanta, GA	W 7–0
November 13		Georgetown	Grant Field • Atlanta, GA	W 35–6
November 25	2:00 p. m.	Auburn	Grant Field • Atlanta, GA	W 34–0	20,000
*Non-conference game.

Season summary

Week 1: Wake Forest

The first game of the year saw Georgia Tech pitted against the Wake Forest Demon Deacons. Tech won 44 to 0. Judy Harlan scored the year's first touchdown.^[13] Wake Forest failed to net a single first down.^[14] Harlan and Red Barron scored two touchdowns each and quarterbacks Jack McDonough and Pinkey Hunt one each. Captain Flowers gained consistently,^[14] and also drop-kicked a 26-yard field goal.^[15]

Week 2: Oglethorpe

Week 2: Oglethorpe @ Georgia Tech

1 2 3 4 Total Oglethorpe 0 0 0 0 0 • Ga. Tech 7 14 21 13 55 Date: October 2 Location: Grant Field Atlanta, GA Game attendance: 6,000 Referee: W. R. Tichenor Sources:[16]

In the second week of play, Georgia Tech defeated Jogger Elcock's Oglethorpe Stormy Petrels 55 to 0.^[16] Buck Flowers had a 68-yard touchdown run. He got his start on a "criss-cross" play near his own 32-yard line, and ran for the touchdown crossing the field laterally many times showing an assortment of moves.^[16]

Barron running behind Harlan.

The starting lineup for Tech against Oglethorpe was: J. Staton (left end), Fincher (left tackle), Lebey (left guard), Amis (center), O. Davis (right guard), A. Staton (right tackle), Ratterman (right end), McDonough (quarterback), Flowers (left halfback), Barron (right halfback), Harlan (fullback)^[16]

Week 3: Davidson

Week 3: Davidson @ Georgia Tech

1 2 3 4 Total Davidson 0 0 0 0 0 • Ga. Tech 7 28 28 3 66 Date: October 9 Location: Grant Field Atlanta, GA Referee: Coles (Clemson) Sources:[17]

On October 9, Georgia Tech defeated the Davidson Wildcats 66 to 0. Halfback Red Barron scored four touchdowns,^[18] including an interception return of 76 yards.^[17] He also ran in a touchdown from 25 yards out after catching a forward pass from fullback Judy Harlan. Tech attempted six passes the whole game, completing 3 for 114 yards.^[17] One of Flowers' punts went 85 yards.^[19]

The starting lineup for Tech against Davidson was: J. Staton (left end), Fincher (left tackle), Lebey (left guard), Amis (center), O. Davis (right guard), A. Staton (right tackle), Ratterman (right end), McDonough (quarterback), Flowers (left halfback), Barron (right halfback), Harlan (fullback)^[18]

Week 4: at Vanderbilt

Week 4: Georgia Tech @ Vanderbilt

1 2 3 4 Total • Ga. Tech 14 9 7 14 44 Vanderbilt 0 0 0 0 0 Date: October 16 Location: Curry Field Nashville, TN Referee: Ed Finley (Virginia) Sources:[20]

Georgia Tech dominated in a week 4 win over the Vanderbilt Commodores. The 44 to 0 victory was one of the largest at Old Dudley Field.^{[n 4]}

Georgia Tech had entered into the meat of its schedule after three dominating wins. Upcoming engagements with Vanderbilt, Pittsburgh, and Centre would determine the season's outcome. Pittsburgh and Centre–but Pittsburgh especially, were the biggest opponents. Vanderbilt was seen as the warm up act to these two, for it was far superior to any of Tech's prior games.^[22] The first game of the year to have direct implications for the Southern championship,^[23] it was cited by some as the most interesting southern contest of the week.^[24]

Captain Flowers

The Golden Tornado were clear favorites.^[25] Georgia Tech outplayed Vanderbilt and had the ball for three-fourths of the game. Many Commodores left with injuries.^[21] Vanderbilt's ends were easily skirted by the Tech backs Buck Flowers, Red Barron, and Frank Ferst.^[21] Tech's first touchdown came when Barron ripped off a 55-yard run.^[20] Captain Flowers once made a drop kick from 44 yards out.^[26] Ferst came in for Flowers in the middle of the second quarter when Georgia Tech started to use substitutes.^[20]

The third quarter saw Vanderbilt's one exciting offensive drive. "With Godchaux, Kuhn, and Raeburn subbing in the backfield, the Commodores opened a series of forward passes and runs that netted about 50 yards before Flowers intercepted a long pass on his own 10-yard line and raced 50 yards before being pushed out of bounds by a Vandy tackler".^[20] Fumbles would cost Vanderbilt; one by Grailey Berryhill lead to Tech's third touchdown. In the fourth quarter, a fight broke out involving Gink Hendrick, some Tech players, and spectators.^{[n 5]} Tech lost some 133 yards from penalties during the contest.^[20]

The starting lineup for Tech was: J. Staton (left end), A. Staton (left tackle), O. Davis (left guard), Amis (center), Lebey (right guard), Fincher (right tackle), Ratterman (right end), McDonough (quarterback), Flowers (left halfback), Barron (right halfback), Harlan (fullback).^[28]

Week 5: at Pitt

Week 5: Georgia Tech @ Pittsburgh

1 2 3 4 Total Ga. Tech 0 3 0 0 3 • Pitt 0 0 0 10 10 Date: October 23 Location: Forbes Field Pittsburgh, PA Game attendance: 37,000 Referee: C. J. McCarty (Germantown) Sources:[29]

The Golden Tornado suffered its only loss at the hands of Pop Warner's Pittsburgh Panthers at Forbes Field by a score of 10 to 3. The game was controversial, and Pitt was considered lucky to have won.^{[10][n 6]} Tech halfback Red Barron played with a broken jaw suffered during the Vanderbilt game.^[31][32] After the game, coach Warner called Barron the greatest halfback to perform on Forbes Field.^[30] Pitt fullback Orville Hewitt injured Tech quarterback Jack McDonough's ankle, and Frank Ferst had to take his place for the rest of the season.

Pitt back Tom Davies was injured in the first quarter. Buck Flowers made the only points of the half with a 20-yard drop-kick. His tackling on defense also drew praise.^[10] Grantland Rice said Flowers was one of the best broken field runners in the country.^[30]

Pitt fullback Orville Hewitt plunged over for a touchdown at the beginning of the fourth quarter. Davies had returned and added the extra point. He later added a 30-yard field goal. Due to concern's over Tech players' eligibility, Pitt refused to schedule another game with Georgia Tech.^[33]

The starting lineup for Tech was: J. Staton (left end), Fincher (left tackle), Lebey (left guard), Amis (center), O. Davis (right guard), A. Staton (right tackle), Ratterman (right end), McDonough (quarterback), Flowers (left halfback), Barron (right halfback), Harlan (fullback).^[29]

Week 6: Centre

Week 6: Centre @ Georgia Tech

1 2 3 4 Total Centre 0 0 0 0 0 • Ga. Tech 3 7 7 7 24 Date: October 30 Location: Grant Field Atlanta, GA Game attendance: 15,000+ Sources:[34]

Arguably the highlight of the year was the defeat of the Centre Praying Colonels by a score of 24 to 0. It was Centre's first loss to a southern team since 1916.^{[n 7]} A story goes that tackle Bill Fincher sought to knock Centre quarterback "Bo" McMillin out of the game, taking with him brass-knuckles or "something equally diabolical."^[35]

Tech gave Bo McMillin (pictured) his first and only loss to a southern team.

Red Barron starred in the game, including a 57-yard touchdown run: "twisting and dodging through the desperate Centre secondary."^[34] In the third quarter, Ferst ran 55 yards for a score.^[34]

One writer claimed: "even the great "Bo" McMillin was powerless against the Tech players."^[36] The Atlanta Constitution reported: "McMillin's forward passes outdid anything of the kind seen here in many years, but Tech seemed to know where they were going."^[34]

The starting lineup for Tech was: J. Staton (left end), Fincher (left tackle), Lebey (left guard), Amis (center), O. Davis (right guard), A. Staton (right tackle), Ratterman (right end), Ferst (quarterback), Flowers (left halfback), Barron (right halfback), Harlan (fullback).^[34]

Week 7: Clemson

Week 7: Clemson @ Georgia Tech

1 2 3 4 Total Clemson 0 0 0 0 0 • Ga. Tech 0 0 0 7 7 Date: November 6 Location: Grant Field Atlanta, GA Referee: Paul Magoffin Sources:[37]

Coach Alexander rested his starters for the game against the Clemson Tigers and played substitutes throughout: "to teach the gamblers and point-makers a lesson."^[10] Sub quarterback Pinkey Hunt scored the lone touchdown in the final quarter.^[37]

End Georgie Ratterman was under treatment by a stomach specialist as the result of trouble supposedly caused by over-exertion during his confinement in a German prison during the First World War. It was not known if he could still play.^[37]

The starting lineup for Tech against Clemson was: Mayer (left end), McCree (left tackle), Webb (left guard), Johnson (center), Berry (right guard), Lyman (right tackle), Gringer (right end), Glaver (quarterback), Brewster (halfback), Scarboro (halfback), Rushing (fullback)^[37]

Week 8: Georgetown

Week 8: Georgetown @ Georgia Tech

1 2 3 4 Total Georgetown 0 0 0 6 6 • Ga. Tech 7 0 21 7 35 Date: November 13 Location: Grant Field Atlanta, GA Referee: Mike Thompson Sources:[38]

In the eighth week of play, the Golden Tornado faced the Georgetown Hilltoppers coached by former Carlisle great Albert Exendine, and won 35 to 6. Exendine countered claims of Tech running up the score, saying his safety men were not playing their best. "The sportsmanship displayed by the Golden Tornado was all that could be desired," said Exendine.^[38] The outstanding feature of the game was Flowers' 80-yard, off-tackle touchdown run.^[38] One of Flowers' punts went 82 yards.^[19] Ed Hamilton was umpire.

The starting lineup for Tech against Georgetown was: J. Staton (left end), Fincher (left tackle), Lebey (left guard), Amis (center), O. Davis (right guard), Johnson (right tackle), A. Staton (right end), Ferst (quarterback), Flowers (left halfback), Barron (right halfback), Harlan (fullback)^[38]

Week 9: Auburn

Week 9: Auburn @ Georgia Tech

1 2 3 4 Total Auburn 0 0 0 0 0 • Ga. Tech 0 6 7 21 34 Date: November 25 Location: Grant Field Atlanta, GA Game start: 2:00 p. m. Game attendance: 20,000 Referee: Mike Thompson Sources:[39]

The Auburn Tigers had a powerful eleven which beat Vanderbilt 56 to 6 to counter Tech's 44 to 0 win. Some Auburn fans predicted a victory over Tech and the Southern title.^[40] On November 25, 1920, Georgia Tech defeated Auburn at Grant Field by a score of 34 to 0 for a share of the SIAA title.^[39] Flowers scored three touchdowns in the game, including punt returns of 82 and 65 yards and a 33-yard run from scrimmage, and also passed for a fourth touchdown.^[41][42] Flowers also kicked a punt that went 65 yards in the air against Auburn.^[39] Sportswriter Morgan Blake had this to say of Flowers' play against Auburn: "The Auburn Tiger came up with claws sharpened. As he writhed in death agony when the battle was over, he made one request, 'Please omit Flowers'."^[41]

The Atlanta Journal wrote that Flowers was: "flitting like a phantom, an undulating, rippling, chromatic phantom, over the whitewashed lines."^[41] The yearbook remarked Bill Fincher: "began his great work on the sand lots of Tech Hi here in Atlanta years ago and ended it up by smearing "Fatty" Warren of the Auburn Tigers all over the flats of Grant Field on Turkey Day last."^[9]

The starting lineup for Tech against Auburn was: J. Staton (left end), Fincher (left tackle), Lebey (left guard), Amis (center), Davis (right guard), A. Staton (right tackle), Ratterman (right end), Ferst (quarterback), Flowers (left halfback), Barron (right halfback), Harlan (fullback).^[39]

Postseason

Fincher kicking from placement.

Awards and honors

Nine of the eleven starters made some writer's All-Southern team.^{[n 8]} Bill Fincher was selected first-team All-American by Walter Camp. He was just the fourth southern player to receive this honor.^{[n 9]} Fincher made 65 out of 68 PAT attempts on the year, and closed his career with a record 122 of 136.^[19]

Captain Flowers was selected as a third-team All-American by the United Press and the International News Service. Records conflict as to his rushing totals during the 1920 season. According to one account, which acknowledged it was based on incomplete records, Flowers rushed 80 times for 819 yards (10.2 yards per carry), and had 290 punt return yards (16.5 yards per return), in six games.^[45] According to another account, published by the United Press in 1958, Flowers rushed for 1,425 yards in 1920.^[46] He also led the country with an average of 49.4 yards per punt in 1920.^[6] Coach Alexander said Flowers was the best punter Tech ever had and the best back he ever coached.^[19]

Championships

Rooters on either side of Georgia were happy as both Georgia and Tech claimed SIAA titles.^[3] Florent Gibson of the Pittsburgh Post rated Tech as the best team in the country.^[30]

Personnel

The starters

Depth chart

Offense (after shift) LE John Staton R. P. Mayer   LT LG C RG RT Bill Fincher Dummy Lebey Dad Amis Oscar Davis Albert Staton J. P. McCrea B. P. Webb Charles Johnson W. G. Berry W. P. Lyman Jesse Fincher Claire Frye Charles Johnson RE Georgie Ratterman H. W. Granger Albert Staton QB Jack McDonough Frank Ferst Bill Glaver Pinkey Hunt RHB Red Barron Dewey Scarboro FB Judy Harlan O. W. Rushing H. Welchel LHB Buck Flowers Jimmy Brewster Oats

Starters

Line

Player	Position	Games started	Hometown	Prep school	Height	Weight	Age
John Staton	End	7	Atlanta, Georgia				18
Bill Fincher	Tackle, End	7	Spring Place, Georgia	Tech High School	6'0"	188	20
Dummy Lebey	Guard	7	Savannah, Georgia
Dad Amis	Center	7					25
Oscar Davis	Guard	7
Al Staton	Tackle	7	Atlanta, Georgia	Boys High School			20
Georgie Ratterman	End	6	Nashville, Tennessee	Spring Hill College			22

Backfield

Player	Position	Games started	Hometown	Prep school	Height	Weight	Age
Jack McDonough	Quarterback	6	Savannah, Georgia
Buck Flowers	Halfback	8	Sumter, South Carolina	Sumter High School	5'7"	155	21
Red Barron	Halfback	8	Clarkesville, Georgia		5'11"	180	20
Judy Harlan	Fullback	8	Ottumwa, Iowa	Tech High School	5'11"	178	23

Substitutes

Line

Player	Position	Games started	Hometown	Prep school	Height	Weight	Age
W. G. Berry	Guard	1
Jesse Fincher	Tackle
Claire Frye	Center
H. W. Granger	End	1
Charles Johnson	Center	1	Atlanta, Georgia		6'0"	184	23
W. P. Lyman	Tackle	1
R. P. Mayer	End	1
J. P. McCrea	Tackle	1
B. P. Webb	Guard	1

Backfield

Player	Position	Games started	Hometown	Prep school	Height	Weight	Age
Jimmy Brewster	Halfback	1	Newnan, Georgia		5'7"	155	18
Frank Ferst	Quarterback	2
Bill Glaver	Quarterback	1
Pinkey Hunt	Quarterback
Oats	Halfback
O. W. Rushing	Fullback	1
Dewey Scarboro	Halfback	1	Moultrie, Georgia	Moultrie High School	5'6"	145	21
H. Welchel	Fullback

Coaching staff

• Head coach: William Alexander
• Backfield coach: Joe Guyon
• Line coach: F. F. Wood
• Reserve coach: Kid Clay
• Freshman coach: George C. Griffin
• Manager: F. L. Asbury, Jr.^[9]

See also

• 1920 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season
• 1920 College Football All-Southern Team
• 1920 College Football All-America Team

Notes

1. Although Georgia Tech's teams are officially known as the "Yellow Jackets", northern writers called the team the "Golden Tornado" in 1917; the name was commonly used until 1928, and for many years afterwards, as an alternate nickname.^[1] It may have been coined by Morgan Blake.^[2]
2. It was ostensibly to prevent any social embarrassment to his former wife after their divorce, who chose to remain in the city.^[4][7]
3. Future Tech fullback Sam Murray was asked about a certain strong runner in the 1930s, "He's good. But if I were playing again, I would have one wish – never to see bearing down upon me a more fearsome picture of power than Judy Harlan blocking for Red Barron."^[11]
4. The worst loss there for Vanderbilt since North Carolina won 48 to 0 in 1900.^[21]
5. Hendrick claimed to be protecting Jess Neely from some player for Georgia Tech.^[27] No ejections could be made since too many players were involved.^[21]
6. Tech's shift was penalized for some 165 yards that day.^[30]
7. Also, both schools had just recently fought against the North. Centre the week before played valiantly against Harvard, a foreshadowing of next year's game.
8. All except for center Dad Amis and quarterback Jack McDonough.^[43]
9. Fuzzy Woodruff commenting on the All-Southern composite selection of the Atlanta Constitution and Atlanta Journal next season states "This composite pick has now been recognized as the south's official football hall of fame. No southern player can receive a higher honor unless he happens to be named on Walter Camp's All-American."^[44]

Endnotes

1. Van Brimmer & Rice 2011, p. 147
2. "Golden Tornadoes". Archived from the original on 30 April 2016. Retrieved January 28, 2015.
3. Conference Championships - Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association
4. Edwin Pope. Football's Greatest Coaches. p. 8.
5. Chris Yandle. "GT Vault: It's Been Awhile". Retrieved February 23, 2015.
6. "Renowned Athlete Buck Flowers Dies". Sumter Daily Item. April 11, 1983. p. 3A.
7. "Tech Timeline: 1910s". Tech Traditions. Georgia Tech Alumni Association. Archived from the original on 2007-10-16. Retrieved 2007-05-21.
8. Jon Nelson. A History of College Football In Georgia. p. 21.
9. "The Blueprint" (PDF). 1921.
10. Walter Coxe (1953). "The Tornado of '20". Georgia Tech Alumni Magazine 32 (2): 22. Archived from the original on May 2, 2016.
11. "The Cast of Characters". Georgia Tech Alumni Magazine 51 (4): 18. 1973. Archived from the original on May 2, 2016.
12. Richard Scott (2008-09-15). SEC Football: 75 Years of Pride and Passion. p. 28. ISBN 9781616731335.
13. Paul Warwick (September 26, 1920). "It Wasn't a Great Exhibition But Everybody Had Fine Time Looking at Tornado, Says Paul". Atlanta Constitution. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com.
14. "Golden Tornado Won With Ease". The Charlotte News. September 26, 1920. p. 16. Archived from the original on May 2, 2016. Retrieved June 4, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
15. "Georgia Tech Wins Victory". Winston-Salem Journal. September 26, 1920. p. 1. Archived from the original on May 2, 2016. Retrieved June 4, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
16. Paul Warwick (October 3, 1920). "Petrels Are Crushed by Tech, But the Defeat Was Honorable; Harlan, Flowers, Barron, Star". Atlanta Constitution. p. 2. Archived from the original on May 2, 2016. Retrieved June 4, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
17. "Tech's Golden Tornado Destroys Defense of Valiant Davidsonians And Administers Terrible Defeat". The Atlanta Constitution. October 10, 1920. p. 3. Archived from the original on May 2, 2016. Retrieved June 3, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
18. "Davidson Helpless Before Georgia Tech". The Washington Post. October 10, 1920. p. 17 – via Newspapers.com.
19. Lynn Hogan (1973). "They Walked Away Into Legend...". Georgia Tech Alumni Magazine 51 (4): 15–19. Archived from the original on May 2, 2016.
20. Joe Hatcher (October 17, 1920). "Georgia Tech Tears Down Defense of Vanderbilt And Rambles To Victory". The Atlanta Constitution. p. 3. Retrieved April 30, 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
21. Russell, Fred, and Maxwell Edward Benson. Fifty Years of Vanderbilt Football. Nashville, TN, 1938, p. 38
22. "Jackets Prepare For Vanderbilt". The Columbus Ledger. October 13, 1920.
23. "Southern Football Games Today To Have Bearing On Grid Title For 1920; Tech Plays Vanderbilt". The Macon Daily Telegraph. October 16, 1920.
24. Jack Veiock (October 15, 1920). "Big Teams To Be Active Saturday". Fort Worth Star-Telegram.
25. "Vandy Grapples With Georgians". Miami Herald. October 16, 1920.
26. Camp, Walter (1921). Spalding's Official Football Guide. American Sports Publishing Company.
27. "Tech Wallops Vanderbilt; Georgia Barely Wins; Yale Beaten; Princeton A Victor". Augusta Chronicle. October 17, 1920.
28. "Golden Tornado To Meet Commodores". The Charlotte News. October 16, 1920. p. 3. Retrieved April 30, 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
29. "A Close Call". Pittsburgh Post Gazette. October 24, 1920. p. 20. Retrieved April 29, 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
30. "Letters". Georgia Tech Alumni Magazine 49 (3): 28. 1971.
31. "Southern In Line For Mythical Team". The Washington Herald. November 8, 1920. p. 8. Retrieved April 29, 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
32. "Early Georgia Tech Football" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on May 2, 2016.
33. "Pitt Breaks Relations With Georgia Tech". Pittsburgh Post Gazette. October 24, 1920. p. 20. Retrieved April 29, 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
34. "Georgia Tech Beats Strong Centre Team By Score of 24 To 0". News and Observer. October 31, 1920. p. 13. Archived from the original on May 2, 2016. Retrieved June 4, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
35. "Fincher, Guyon, Strupper-and Shaw Hardy". The Miami News. November 3, 1943.
36. Arthur Duffy (November 1, 1920). "Sport Comment". Boston Post. p. 12. Archived from the original on May 2, 2016. Retrieved June 4, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
37. Wallace George (November 7, 1920). "In Featureless Game Tornado Second String Bests Clemson Tigers". Atlanta Constitution. p. 3. Retrieved June 4, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
38. Cliff Wheatley (November 14, 1920). "Hilltoppers Stage Noble Defense During First Half, but Crumble Finally; Reserved Used by Tech". Atlanta Constitution. p. 2. Archived from the original on May 2, 2016. Retrieved June 3, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
39. "Golden Tornado Sweeps Through Auburn Team 34–0: "Buck" Flowers in Final Game of Career Plays Spectacular Football, Makes Two Eighty-Yard Runs". The Spartanburg Herald. November 26, 1920. p. 14.
40. "Dixie Football is Given Praise". The Charlotte News. October 26, 1920. p. 2. Archived from the original on May 2, 2016. Retrieved March 27, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
41. "Buck Flowers Member Biography". College Football Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on May 2, 2016. Retrieved September 5, 2014.
42. "Golden Tornado Wins: Georgia Tech Crushes Alabama Poly by Score of 34 to 0". The New York Times. November 26, 1920. p. 19.
43. "All-Southern Grid Eleven Is Named". The Washington Post. December 6, 1920. p. 12. Archived from the original on May 2, 2016. Retrieved March 2, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
44. Fuzzy Woodruff (December 4, 1921). "Barron, A. Staton, Harlan Are Tornado Celebrities Getting on Big Outfit". Atlanta Constitution. Archived from the original on May 2, 2016. Retrieved March 2, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
45. "Buck Flowers: He Could Do It All — Well". Daily Item (Sumter, S.C.). October 15, 1969. p. B2.
46. Henry L. Farrell (1920-12-10). "Brilliant Backs Are Features of 1920 Eleven: United Press Scribe Picks An All-American Eleven Himself". Middletown Daily Herald.

References

• Van Brimmer, Adam; Rice, Homer (2011). 100 Things Yellow Jackets Fans Should Know and Do Before They Die. Chicago: Triumph Books. ISBN 978-1-61749-703-2.