1939 Pacific hurricane season
| First system formed | June 12, 1939 |
|---|---|
| Last system dissipated | October 25, 1939 |
| Strongest storm1 | Ten – 930 mbar (hPa) (27.46 inHg), |
| Total storms | 10 |
| Hurricanes | 4 |
| Total fatalities | 93 |
| Total damage | Unknown |
| 1Strongest storm is determined by lowest pressure | |
1937,1938, 1939, 1940, 1941 | |
The 1939 Pacific hurricane season ran through the summer and fall of 1939. Before the satellite age started in the 1960s, data on east Pacific hurricanes are extremely unreliable. Most east Pacific storms are of no threat to land. However, 1939 saw a large number of storms threaten California.
Storms
Hurricane One
On June 12, a hurricane was detected. The lowest pressure reported by a ship was 985 mbar (29.1 inHg). The hurricane was last seen June 13.[1]
Possible Tropical Cyclone Two
A possible tropical cyclone was located off the coast of Mexico on June 27. A ship reported a gale and a pressure of 1,006 mbar (29.7 inHg). The system was last seen on June 28.[1]
Tropical Cyclone Three
On July 19, a tropical cyclone was detected. A ship reported a pressure of 1,000.7 millibars (29.55 inHg).[2]
Tropical Cyclone Four
On July 29, a tropical cyclone was located midway between Manzanillo and Acapulco. It moved up the coast, and a ship reported a pressure of 1,000 mbar (30 inHg) on July 29 as the cyclone made landfall in the vicinity of Manzanillo.[2]
Tropical Cyclone Five
A small tropical cyclone was detected on August 31. A ship reported gales and a pressure of 1,003.3 millibars (29.63 inHg).[3]
Hurricane Six
From September 4 to 7, the remnants of a hurricane brought heavy rain to Southern California. The storm delivered over a year's worth of rainfall to Blythe, while Imperial received more than two year's worth.[4] The flooding caused major damage in Mecca, California, and 3 feet (0.91 m) of water swamped Thermal.[5]
Hurricane Seven
A tropical cyclone was first detected south of Acapulco on September 5. It intensified into a hurricane and moved northwestward. A ship sailing through the eye reported a pressure reading of 948 mbar (28.0 inHg). The tropical cyclone made landfall somewhere along the Baja California Peninsula. It dissipated inland over the northern part of the peninsula on September 12.[6] Remnants of this tropical storm, in association with a trough, caused rain of up to 4 inches (100 mm) in southern California on September 11 and 12.[4]
Tropical Cyclone Eight
On September 5, a tropical cyclone formed off the coast of Costa Rica. It also headed northwest and dissipated over the southern part of Baja California on September 15. The lowest reported pressure was 1,004 mbar (29.6 inHg).[6] From September 19 to 21, remnants of this tropical cyclone caused rain measuring up to 3 inches (76 mm) in Southern California.[4]
Hurricane Nine
On September 14, a tropical cyclone formed off the coast of Central America. This tropical storm tracked northwestward and intensified into a hurricane.[5] The sea-level pressure dropped to 975 mbar (28.8 inHg) or lower. The hurricane recurved gradually to the northeast and weakened over cool seas. On September 25, this tropical storm made landfall near Long Beach, California, and dissipated inland.[6]
The tropical storm caught Southern Californians unprepared.[5] It brought heavy rain and flooding to the area, which killed 45 people.[6] At sea, 48 were killed. The storm caused heavy property damage amounting to $2 million (1939 USD) in total, mostly to crops and coastal infrastructure.[5]
Hurricane Ten
On October 23, a tropical cyclone formed south of Cabo Corrientes. It intensified and headed roughly due north. A steamer, the Nevadan, caught in the eye of this extremely intense hurricane, recording a corrected central pressure of 930 mbar (hPa; 27.46 inHg).[7] Even with modern tropical cyclone observation techniques available, this reading still qualifies this cyclone as one of the most intense on record.[8] The steep pressure gradient between the Nevadan and the external hurricane conditions off of Manzanillo, Colima caused several tarpaulins to burst.[7] Other shipping was disrupted off the Mexican coast by the intense tropical cyclone.[9]
The hurricane made landfall near Cabo Corrientes on October 25 and dissipated shortly thereafter.[9] Onshore, the storm caused an extensive swath of damage. Homes were destroyed in the towns of Santiago Ixcuintla and Rosamorada in the Mexican state of Nayarit,[10] displacing hundreds of people.[11] In Puerto Vallarta, a strong storm surge flooded a section of the town, destroying several homes. Tobacco, corn, and rice crops in the region suffered considerable damage.[10] The strong winds downed power lines, resulting in the delayed dissemination of damage reports.[12] Although no exact casualty total was documented, reports indicated that the tropical cyclone caused a "few casualties". After the storm, US$6,000 was donated to help aid the displaced in the states of Nayarit and Jalisco, while doctors and nurses were sent to those areas.[13]
See also
References
- 1 2 Hurd, Willis (June 1939). "North Pacific Ocean, June 1939" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. Retrieved 2011-01-18.
- 1 2 Hurd, Willis (July 1939). "North Pacific Ocean, July 1939" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. Retrieved 2011-01-18.
- ↑ Hurd, Willis (August 1939). "North Pacific Ocean, August 1939" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. Retrieved 2011-01-18.
- 1 2 3 Williams, Jack (2005-05-17). "Background: California's tropical storms". USA Today. Retrieved 2012-05-12.
- 1 2 3 4 "A History of Significant Weather Events in Southern California" (PDF). National Weather Service Forecast Office San Diego. January 2007. Retrieved 2012-05-12.
- 1 2 3 4 Hurd, Willis (September 1939). "North Pacific Ocean, September 1939" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. Retrieved 2011-01-18.
- 1 2 Hurd, Willis. "Additional Note on the Mexican West Coast Cyclone of October 23–25, 1939" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. Retrieved 2011-01-18.
- ↑ National Hurricane Center; Hurricane Research Division; Central Pacific Hurricane Center (September 25, 2015). "The Northeast and North Central Pacific hurricane database 1949–2014". United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved September 26, 2015. A guide on how to read the database is available here.
- 1 2 Hurd, Willis (June 1939). "North Pacific Ocean, October 1939" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. Retrieved 2011-01-18.
- 1 2 "Mexican Coast Is Swept By Hurricane". The Modesto Bee (Modesto, California). Associated Press. October 27, 1939. p. 2. Retrieved August 31, 2014 – via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ "Hurricane Damages Towns In Mexico". The Modesto Bee 20 (83) (Corpus Christi, Texas). Associated Press. October 27, 1939. p. 1. Retrieved August 31, 2014 – via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ "Storm Rips Mexico Coast". El Paso Herald Post 59 (259) (El Paso, Texas). United Press International. October 27, 1939. p. 5. Retrieved August 31, 2014 – via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ "Mexico Speeds Storm Relief". Star-Monitor-Herald 3 (16) (Harlingen, Texas). Associated Press. October 29, 1939. p. 5. Retrieved August 31, 2014 – via Newspapers.com.