Taxonomy of the Bivalvia (Bouchet, Rocroi, Bieler, Carter & Coan, 2010)

An assortment of shells of marine bivalves and a few marine gastropods found on a beach in Wales

In May 2010, a new taxonomy of the Bivalvia was published in the journal Malacologia. This was a revised system for classifying bivalve mollusks such as clams, oysters, scallops, mussels and so on. In compiling this new taxonomy, the authors used a variety of phylogenetic information including molecular analysis, anatomical analysis, shell morphology and shell microstructure, as well as bio-geographic, paleobiogeographical and stratigraphic information.

In this classification, 324 families were recognized as valid. Of those, 214 are known exclusively as fossils. The remaining 110 families occur in the recent past, with or without a fossil record.^[1] This classification has since been adopted by WoRMS, the World Register of Marine Species.^[2]

The classification system

Classification of Class Bivalvia (under the redaction of Rüdiger Bieler, Joseph G. Carter and Eugene V. Coan) (all taxa marked † are extinct) :^[3]

Grade Euprotobranchia Order †Fordillida Superfamily †Fordilloidea Family †Fordillidae Family †Camyidae Order †Tuarangiida Family †Tuarangiidae Subclass Heterodonta Infraclass Archiheterodonta Order Carditoida Superfamily Carditoidea Family Carditidae Family Condylocardidae Superfamily Crassitelloidea Family Crassitellidae Family Astartidae Infraclass Euheterodonta Unassigned Euheterodonta Superfamily Gastrochaenoidea Family Gastrochaenidae Superfamily Hiatelloidea Family Hiatellidae Superfamily Solenoidea Family Solenidae Family Pharidae Order Anomalodesmata Superfamily Clavagelloidea Family Clavagellidae Family Penicillidae Superfamily Cuspidarioidea Family Cuspidariidae Superfamily Myochamoidea Family Cleidothaeridae Family Myochamidae Superfamily Pandoroidea Family Pandoridae Family Lyonsiidae Superfamily Pholadomyoidea Family Parilimyidae Family Pholadomyidae Superfamily Poromyoidea Family Poromyidae Superfamily Thracioidea Family Thraciidae Family Laternulidae Family Periplomatidae Superfamily Verticordioidea Family Lyonsiellidae Family Verticordidae Family Euciroidae Order Myoida Suborder Myina Superfamily Myoidea Family Corbulidae Family Myidae Superfamily Pholadoidea Family Pholadidae Family Teredinidae Order Lucinoida Superfamily Lucinoidea Family Lucinidae Superfamily Thyasiroidea Family Thyasiridae Order Veneroida Superfamily Arcticoidea Family Arcticidae Family Trapeziidae Superfamily Corbiculoidea Family Corbiculidae Superfamily Dreissenoidea Family Dreissenidae Superfamily Sphaerioidea Family Sphaeriidae Superfamily Cyamioidea Family Cyamiidae Family Neoleptonidae Family Sportellidae Superfamily Glossoidea Family Glossidae Superfamily Tridacnoidea Family Tridacnidae Superfamily Cardioidea Family Cardiidae Superfamily Chamoidea Family Chamidae Superfamily Galeommatoidea Family Galeommatidae Family Kellidae Family Lasaeidae Family Leptonidae Family Montacutidae Superfamily Mactroidea Family Cardiliidae Family Mactridae Family Mesodesmatidae Superfamily Tellinoidea Family Donacidae Family Pharidae Family Psammobiidae Family Semelidae Family Tellinidae Family Solecurtidae Superfamily Ungulinoidea Family Ungulinidae Superfamily Cyrenoididae Family Cyrenoididae Family Glauconomidae Superfamily Veneroidea Family Petricolidae Family Turtoniidae Family Veneridae

Subclass Palaeoheterodonta Order Trigoniida Superfamily †Beichuanioidea Liu & Gu, 1988 Family †Beichuaniidae Liu & Gu, 1988 Superfamily †Megatrigonioidea Van Hoepen, 1929 Family †Megatrigoniidae Van Hoepen, 1929 Family †Iotrigoniidae Savelive, 1958 Family †Rutitrigoniidae Van Hoepen, 1929 Superfamily Myophorelloidea Kobayashi, 1954 Family †Myophorellidae Kobayashi, 1954 Family †Buchotrigoniidae Leanza, 1993</small Family †Laevitrigoniidae Savelive, 1958 Family †Vaugoniidae Kobayashi, 1954 Superfamily Trigonioidea Lamarck, 1819 Family Trigoniidae Lamarck, 1819 Family †Eoschizodidae Newell & Boyd, 1975 (syn: Curtonotidae) Family †Groeberellidae Pérez, Reyes, & Danborenea 1995 Family †Myophoriidae Bronn, 1849 (syn: Cytherodontidae, Costatoriidae, Gruenewaldiidae) Family †Prosogyrotrigoniidae Kobayashi, 1954 Family †Scaphellinidae Newell & Ciriacks, 1962 Family †Schizodidae Newell & Boyd, 1975 Family †Sinodoridae Pojeta & Zhang, 1984 Order Unionoida Superfamily †Archanodontoidea Modell, 1957 (placement in Unionoida uncertain) Family †Archanodontidae Modell, 1957 Superfamily Etherioidea Deshayes, 1832 Family Etheriidae Deshayes, 1832 (syn: Mulleriidae, Pseudomulleriidae) Family Iridinidae Swainson, 1840 (syn: Mutelidae, Pleiodontidae) Family Mycetopodidae Gray, 1840 Superfamily Hyrioidea Swainson, 1840 Family Hyriidae Swainson, 1840 Superfamily †Trigonioidoidea Cox, 1952 Family †Trigonioididae Cox, 1952 Family †Jilinoconchidae Ma, 1989 (placement uncertain) Family †Nakamuranaiadidae Guo, 1981 (syn:Sinonaiinae, Nippononaiidae) Family †Plicatounionidae Chen, 1988 Family †Pseudohyriidae Kobayashi, 1968 Family †Sainschandiidae Kolesnikov, 1977 Superfamily Unionoidea Rafinesque, 1820 Family Unionidae Rafinesque, 1820 Family Liaoningiidae Yu & Dong, 1993 (placement uncertain) Family Margaritiferidae Henderson, 1929 (syn:Margaritaninae, Cumberlandiinae, Promargaritiferidae) Family †Sancticarolitidae Simone & Mezzalira, 1997 Subclass Protobranchia Order Nuculanoida Superfamily Nuculanoidea Family Bathyspinulidae Family Lametilidae accepted as Phaseolidae Family Malletidae Family Neilonellidae Family Nuculanidae Family Siliculidae Family Tindariidae Family Yoledidae Order Nuculida Superfamily Nuculoidea Family Nuculidae Family †Praenuculidae Family Sareptidae Order Solemyoida Superfamily Manzanelloidea Family Manzanellidae Superfamily Solemyoidea Family Solemyidae Subclass Pteriomorphia Order Arcoida Superfamily Arcoidea Family Arcidae Family Cucullaeidae Family Glycymerididae Family Noetiidae Family Parallelodontidae Superfamily Limopsoidea Family Limposidae Family Philobryidae Infraclass Eupteriomorphia Order Ostreoida Superfamily Ostreoidea Family Gryphaeidae Family Ostreidae Suborder Pectinoida Superfamily Anomoiidea Family Anomiidae Superfamily Plicatuloidea Family Plicatulidae Superfamily Dimyoidea Family Dimyidae Superfamily Pectinoidea Family Entoliidae Family Pectinidae Family Propeamussiidae Family Spondylidae Suborder Limoida Superfamily Limoidea Family Limidae Suborder Mytiloida Superfamily Mytiloidea Family Mytilidae Suborder: Pterioida Superfamily Pinnoidea Family Pinnidae Superfamily Pteroidea Family Malleidae Family Pteriidae Family Pulvinitidae

References

1. Bouchet, Philippe; Rocroi, Jean-Pierre; Bieler, Rüdiger; Carter, Joseph G.; Coan, Eugene V. (2010). "Nomenclator of Bivalve Families with a Classification of Bivalve Families". Malacologia 52 (2): 1–184. doi:10.4002/040.052.0201.
2. Gofas, Serge (2012). "Bivalvia". World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2012-06-30.
3. Carter, J.G.; et al. (2011). "A Synoptical Classification of the Bivalvia (Mollusca)" (PDF). Paleontological Contributions 4: 1‑47.