2015 Corsican protests

2015 Corsican protests
Date December 24, 2015 (2015-12-24)
Location Ajaccio, Corsica, France
(Initially in the Jardins de l'Empereur area)
Methods Protests, arson
Status Active.
Casualties
Death(s) 0
Injuries 0
Ban on protests declared effective until 4 January 2016, yet protests continued.

In December 2015, unrest began in Ajaccio, capital of Corsica, when firefighters and police were assaulted in the neighbourhood of Jardins de l'Empereur. On 25 December, claiming revenge for these attacks, protesters burned a Muslim prayer hall and, reportedly, pages of a Quran. Further protests were organised after the incident despite a ban on protests until 4 January 2016. Corsican nationalist politicians have claimed that the ideology does not legitimise xenophobia, and that any hatred of other cultures on the island is the result of other ideologies.[1] Scholarly views on this claim are divided.[2]

Background

Over the past several decades, Corsican nationalism has been calling for the island's recognition as a nation since French annexation. Following years of violence by the FLNC (stopped in 2014), a referendum on increased devolution failed by a narrow majority. The Corsican language is also labeled as a "definitely endangered language" by UNESCO.

While racial tensions linger,[3] in the December French regional elections, 2015 in Corsica, the pro-autonomy party Pè a Corsica got 35.34% of the vote, winning 24 seats out of 51. Gilles Simeoni, already mayor of Bastia, said: "It’s a victory for Corsica and all the Corsicans. My first thoughts go to all those early campaigners who have battled for our cause for half a century – among them the youngsters, some of whom are in prison. It’s a victory for an alternative policy to that which has failed Corsicans for decades. [Corsicans had a] thirst for democracy, economic development and social justice." The leader of the pro-independence group Corsica Libera, Jean-Guy Talamoni, added: "It’s been a 40-year-long march to arrive here. Corsica is not just a French administrative constituency – it’s a country, a nation, a people."[4] He further noted the result of "those who have never accepted French rule... and have never ceased to fight for the survival of the Corsican nation" and also called for amnesty for "political prisoners" and "those still in hiding."

The nationalists expected the result to move the island towards the independence paths of Scottish nationalism following its Scottish independence referendum, 2014 and Catalan nationalism following the Catalan parliamentary election, 2015. The election also elicited fear of such moves in mainland France. Negotiations were imminent for the creation of a "single government" in Corsica by 2018 that would merge the executive with its two départements. Republicans leader Nicholas Sarkozy said before the vote that "Mr Talamoni does not want the French Republic? Well, the French Republic does not want Mr Talamoni. This is France."[5] Following the election, the former FLNC's Jean-Pierre Susini said: "This is the culmination of 40 years of struggle. I have always called for independence but after 200 years of (French) colonialism...the nationalists have an enormous amount of work to do." He added: "We have only two years before us. We must not disappoint, otherwise the valets of colonialism will take back control."[6] The election was said to play a part in the rise of nationalist sentiment.[7]

Arson and protests

On 24 December in the poor neighbourhood of Jardins de l'Empereur, firefighters were ambushed by unidentified "hooded youths" with iron bars and baseball bats, resulting in injuries to two firefighters and a police officer.[8] A local official, François Lalanne, said a fire was deliberately lit in the area and when the emergency services arrived they were attacked. An unnamed fireman said that about 20 men tried to break the windows of their truck with bars and bats.[9] According to Corse Matin, the firefighters were told "Sales Corses de merde, cassez-vous, vous n'êtes pas chez vous ici!" (Dirty shitty Corsicans, go fuck yourselves, you are not in your home here!).[10] On 25 December, a Muslim prayer hall in Jardins de l'Empereur was burned with at least part of a Quran set on fire. It was raided by crowds the next day after accusations that the firefighters were attacked by local Arab residents.

On 27 December, following the initial arson, as well as a consequent protest ban, several hundred people marched in Corsica, though they avoided the affected neighbourhood, instead rallying in other areas. Previous marches had seen slogans such as : "Arabs get out!" On the day, they also rejected accusations that their rally was racist and chanted: "We fight against scum, not against Arabs!" and "We aren't thugs, we aren't racists!" Police were also deployed around Jardins de l'Empereur, home to many immigrants, to prevent any clashes.[8]

Arrests

Two men in their 20s were arrested for the initial attack and were due to be charged.[9]

Reactions

Politics

Prime Minister Manuel Valls said the attack was "an unacceptable desecration," while Interior Minister Bernard Cazeneuve pledged that the perpetrators of the attacks on the firefighters and the prayer hall would be identified and arrested. He further commented that there was no place for "racism and xenophobia" in France. The French Council of the Muslim Faith denounced the violence. A ban was issued on protests in the mostly Muslim neighbourhood until at least 4 January 2016.[8]

President of the Corsican Assembly Jean-Guy Talamoni blamed the "imported" ideology of the National Front and claimed the protests and arson were anethema to Corsican nationalism, which had established the Corsican Republic.[1] He also said the perpetrators tended to support the National Front and were not nationalists.[9] In response the National Front issued a statement that read "the unacceptable violence which shook Ajaccio on 25 December is the unfortunately expected consequence of lax and weak politics, which leaves neighbourhoods to become no-go areas where representatives of the emergency services are assaulted daily."[11] Corsica's administrator Christophe Mirmand said: "This behaviour must stop. It hurts Corsica's image."[9]

Religion

Olivier de Germay, Bishop of Ajaccio, condemned the violence, stating that "those who commit violent acts in the name of the Christian faith are fooling themselves."[12]

Academia

Eugène Gherardi, a professor of Corsican culture and history, shares the view that xenophobic forms of nationalism reached the island through the National Front. However, Emmanuel Martin of the Institute for Economic Studies in Europe noted that the protesters were chanting in Corsican and displaying the island's flag, theorising that the alleged xenophobia would be stronger in Corsica where locals already believe that their homeland has been colonised by the French.[2]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "Corsica attack: Nationalist leader blames 'imported' racism". BBC News. 28 December 2015. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
  2. 1 2 "After Anti-Muslim Protest In Corsica, Nationalism, High Unemployment, Slow Economic Growth Blamed". International Business Times. 28 December 2015. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
  3. ↑ http://www.nytimes.com/2004/08/26/world/racial-tensions-puncture-corsica-s-picturesque-setting.html?_r=0>
  4. ↑ Kim Willsher. "Corsican nationalists win historic victory in French elections". The Guardian. Retrieved 2016-01-04.
  5. ↑ John Lichfield. "Corsica: Installation of nationalist government sparks concern in Paris amid renewed calls for independence". The Independent. Retrieved 2016-01-04.
  6. ↑ "Corsica becomes latest European territory". Web.archive.org. 2015-12-24. Retrieved 2016-01-04.
  7. ↑ Armstrong, Martin (2015-12-26). "Rising Separatist Movement in Corsica & Riots Against Muslims". Armstrong Economics. Retrieved 2016-01-04.
  8. 1 2 3 "Corsica march: Hundreds defy protest ban after Muslim prayer hall attack". BBC. Retrieved 2016-01-04.
  9. 1 2 3 4 Chazan, David (2015-12-28). "Two people arrested after attack on firemen sparks racial tension in Corsica". Telegraph. Retrieved 2016-01-04.
  10. ↑ "Agression des pompiers : "Sales Corses, cassez-vous"". Corse Matin (in French). 26 December 2015. Retrieved 28 December 2015.
  11. ↑ "Communiqué de presse du Front National" (in French). Front National. 26 December 2015. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
  12. ↑ "L'Éveque D’Ajaccio denonce les "actions violentes" commises au nom "de la foi Chretienne"". France Soir (in French). 29 December 2015. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
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