2015 University of Oklahoma Sigma Alpha Epsilon racism incident

The University of Oklahoma Sigma Alpha Epsilon racism incident occurred on March 7, 2015, when University of Oklahoma (OU) Sigma Alpha Epsilon (SAE) members were filmed performing a racially insensitive song that used the word "nigger", referenced lynching, and implied that black students would never be admitted to the fraternity.

After a video of the incident was published the SAE chapter was closed and two of its members expelled. Alumni of the local chapter have suggested they may take legal action against the university.

Incidents recorded on video

On March 7, 2015, videos were recorded while fraternity members and their dates were riding on a chartered bus to an event celebrating the national organization's Founder's Day. In the video the students are heard singing a chant to the tune of "If You're Happy and You Know It". The chant begins with the refrain, "There will never be a nigger in SΑΕ", which is followed by the lyrics, "You can hang him from a tree, but he'll never sign with me", followed again by the refrain.[1][2]

The video of the incident was reported on by The Oklahoma Daily on Sunday March 8, and also posted online by student group OU Unheard.[3]

An additional video emerged showing the fraternity's house mother, Beauton Gilbow, using a racial slur while singing along to a rap song at the fraternity in 2013.[4] Gilbow later stated that she was singing along at the time to rapper Trinidad James' song "All Gold Everything", which heavily uses the same racial pejorative, and apologized for any offense.[5]

Aftermath

SAE chapter suspended

On March 8, 2015, the national office of Sigma Alpha Epsilon closed the OU Chapter house, and OU officials gave SAE members until the end of March 10, 2015 to move out.[6][7]

On March 10, OU Facilities Management removed the fraternity's Greek letters from the house. They later put a padlock on the facility's gate, blocked off the parking lot with barriers and caution tape and changed the locks.[8]

At a March 18 press conference, the national SAE office apologized and vowed to promote diversity. [9] The fraternity strongly denied that members had been taught the song, and stated they were investigating additional racist incidents.[10] Elsewhere, the University of Texas said it was looking into claims the chant was used by SAE members there. [11]

Students expelled

University of Oklahoma president David Boren expelled two students, Levi Pettit and Parker Rice, who he said "played a leadership role" in creating "a hostile learning environment for others."[12][13][7] The action taken by the university was based on school's Student Rights & Responsibilities Code.[14][15] In a letter to the students, Boren stated "As president of the University of Oklahoma acting in my official capacity, I have determined that you should be expelled from this university effective immediately," and "You will be expelled because of your leadership role in leading a racist and exclusionary chant which has created a hostile educational environment for others."[16]

The LA Times reported that Boren appeared to be alluding to Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, which bans racial discrimination at universities receiving federal money.[16] However, the expulsions may have been a violation of the students' first amendment rights.[16] First Amendment law specialist and UCLA Law professor Eugene Volokh asserted that President Boren's actions were unconstitutional.[17] Oklahoma State University media law associate professor Joey Senat stated that the chant was offensive but is still protected free speech.[18] Glenn Reynolds, a Professor of Law at the University of Tennessee, expressed the opinion that as a former U.S. senator, Boren should have known that the university was breaking the law in expelling the two students.[19] A Washington Post article reported that a Sigma Chi Fraternity successfully challenged similar action taken against them by George Mason University in 1992.[20]

On March 13, alumni on the board of OU's SAE chapter hired civil rights attorney Stephen Jones to look into the legal issues involving the chapter’s suspension and eviction of members from its fraternity house at OU campus.[21] The national office of SAE stated that it was not involved in retaining Mr. Jones and was unaware of his intentions, and that board officials with the OU local chapter had stopped communicating with them since the chapter was closed on March 9.[22][23]

On March 25, one of the students, Parker Rice, expelled for his involvement in the chant apologized publicly for his actions.[24]

Reactions

In response to the video the Oklahoma Sooners college football team held arm-in-arm protest vigils instead of attending practice.[25]

Several news media reports highlighted the fact that SAE, which was founded before the American Civil War in the antebellum south, had a history of discriminatory incidents.[26][27][28]

Robby Soave of the Reason Foundation wrote that the OU had failed to expel a freshman football player "caught on tape punching a female student in the face" in 2014. He concluded, "if anybody was going to be railroaded off campus without so much as a hearing, you would think it might be perpetrators of actual violence, rather than perpetrators of offensive speech (which is not actually a category of crime)."[29]

Mika Brzezinski and Joe Scarborough of Morning Joe television show blamed the fraternity brothers' use of the word on hip hop music.[30][31]

Actor and Delta Tau Delta alum Will Ferrell said the incident might be an argument to end the entire college fraternity system. "The incident in Oklahoma, that is a real argument for getting rid of the system altogether, in my opinion, even having been through a fraternity," he told the New York Times.[32]

Beginning in 2015, first year students and faculty have been required to take a five-hour course on diversity. Although several news outlets have connected the training to the chanting video, the course was announced in January, prior to the incident, in connection with a rumors of a "Cowboy and Indians" theme party being planned by a different fraternity.[33][34][35]

References

  1. ↑ "University of Oklahoma president evicts Sigma Alpha Epsilon brothers from campus frat house after racist video". New York Daily News.
  2. ↑ "Fraternity Caught on Video Singing Racist Song". InsideHigherEd.com. Retrieved March 12, 2015.
  3. ↑ "Oklahoma fraternity's 'racists and bigots' condemned as protests grow". The Guardian. 9 March 2015.
  4. ↑ "As Two Oklahoma Students Are Expelled for Racist Chant, Sigma Alpha Epsilon Vows Wider Inquiry". The New York Times. 2015-03-11. Retrieved 2015-03-11.
  5. ↑ "Fraternity 'Mom' Is 'Heartbroken' Over Video That Shows Her Singing N-Word". Talking Points Memo. 2015-03-11. Retrieved 2015-03-11.
  6. ↑ McLaughlin, Eliott C. (March 10, 2015). "'Disgraceful' University of Oklahoma fraternity shuttered after racist chant". CNN. Retrieved March 13, 2015.
  7. 1 2 "Parker Rice identified as student expelled from OU after racist chant". OU Daily. 2015-03-10. Retrieved 2015-03-10.
  8. ↑ "Sigma Alpha Epsilon members remove last of their belongings from frat house". OU Daily. 2015-03-11. Retrieved 2015-03-11.
  9. ↑ "Sigma Alpha Epsilon Apology Announcement: SAE Fraternity Vows To Promote Diversity After Racist Chant Video". IBT. 18 March 2015.
  10. ↑ "Sigma Alpha Epsilon says it’s investigating additional racist ‘incidents’". The Washington Post. 11 March 2015.
  11. ↑ "Racist fraternity chant may not be limited to University of Oklahoma". LA Times. 11 March 2015.
  12. ↑ "University Of Oklahoma Racist Fraternity Video: 2 SAE Students Expelled For 'Leadership Role'". International Business Times. 10 March 2015.
  13. ↑ "Levi Pettit, Ex-OU Student in SAE Racist Chant Video, 'Deeply Sorry'". NBC News. March 25, 2015. Retrieved March 25, 2015.
  14. ↑ "Student Rights and Responsibilities Code 2014-2015" (PDF). University of Oklahoma. September 19, 2011. Retrieved March 11, 2015.
  15. ↑ Feldman, Noah (2015-03-11). "Balancing the First Amendment vs. racist chants at the University of Oklahoma". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 14 March 2015.
  16. 1 2 3 "Is University of Oklahoma frat's racist chant protected by 1st Amendment?". LA Times. 10 March 2015.
  17. ↑ Volokh, Eugene (10 March 2015). "No, a public university may not expel students for racist speech". The Volokh Conspiracy. The Washington Post. Retrieved 10 March 2015.
  18. ↑ "Expelled University of Oklahoma student in racist chant video 'deeply sorry'". Los Angeles Times. 10 March 2015. Retrieved 10 March 2015.
  19. ↑ Glenn Harlan Reynolds (2015-03-17). "OU broke the law to avoid bad press". USA Today. Retrieved 2015-03-20. Boren's behavior was not only illegal — and clearly so — it was also a betrayal of the duty of fairness that he, as a university president, owes to every student enrolled in his university.
  20. ↑ Terrence McCoy (2015-03-11). "Why expelled Oklahoma frat boys would have an ‘excellent chance’ in court". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2015-03-17.
  21. ↑ Ohlheiser, Abby (13 March 2015). "Sigma Alpha Epsilon ‘not ruling out a lawsuit’ against Oklahoma University, says lawyer". Washington Post. Retrieved 13 March 2015.
  22. ↑ "Statement in Response to March 13 Stephen Jones Press Conference". SAE Media Statement. 2015-03-13. Retrieved 2015-03-13.
  23. ↑ "Oklahoma fraternity chapter hires high-profile attorney". The Detroit News. 2015-03-13. Retrieved 2015-03-13.
  24. ↑ Eversley, Melanie (25 March 2015). "Expelled University of Oklahoma student offers apology". USA Today. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  25. ↑ "SAE video scandal could galvanize Sooners". ESPN. 16 March 2015.
  26. ↑ "The Ugly, Racist, Deadly History of Sigma Alpha Epsilon". Slate. March 2015.
  27. ↑ "University of Oklahoma fraternity has history of racist incidents elsewhere". Christian Science Monitor. 14 March 2015.
  28. ↑ "Fraternity in Racist Video Has Roots in Antebellum South". The New York Times. 11 March 2015.
  29. ↑ Robby Soave, Oklahoma U. Expels Racist Students, But Not Violent Football Players, Reason Foundation, March 12, 2015
  30. ↑ Meg Wagner, ‘Morning Joe’ hosts blame racist Sigma Alpha Epsilon video on rap music, The New York Daily News, March 11, 2015
  31. ↑ Janet Allon (2015-03-12). "Jon Stewart Destroys 'Morning Joe' and Fox for Blaming Racism on Rap". AlterNet. Retrieved 2015-03-23. How can those poor children know wrong from right, after being driven to madness by the irresistible power of the hippity-hoppity?
  32. ↑ Murphy, Mekado (March 17, 2015). "SXSW 2015: Will Ferrell Discusses Fraternities, 'Get Hard' and More". New York Times. Retrieved April 4, 2015.
  33. ↑ Bennett, Brittney (January 28, 2015). "Alleged "Cowboys and Indians" party prompts mandatory diversity trainings". OU Daily. Retrieved 16 June 2015.
  34. ↑ Crabtree, Trent (June 11, 2015). "U. of Oklahoma to instate mandatory diversity course". USA Today. Retrieved June 16, 2015.
  35. ↑ "Univ. of Oklahoma to require incoming students to take diversity class". WBAY.com. Associated Press. June 8, 2015. Retrieved June 16, 2015.

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