20 Massalia

20 Massalia

A three dimensional model of 20 Massalia, based on its light curve.
Discovery
Discovered by Annibale de Gasparis
Discovery date September 19, 1852
Designations
Pronunciation /məˈseɪliə/ mə-SAY-lee-ə
Named after
 Marseille
none
Main belt (Massalia family)
Orbital characteristics
Epoch October 22, 2004 (JD 2453300.5)
Aphelion 411.911 Gm (2.753 AU)
Perihelion 308.699 Gm (2.064 AU)
360.305 Gm (2.408 AU)
Eccentricity 0.143
1365.261 d (3.74 a)
19.09 km/s
161.641°
Inclination 0.707°
206.530°
255.578°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions 160×145×132 km[1]
145 km (mean)
160×145×130 km [2][3]
Mass 5.67×1018 kg[1]
5.2×1018 kg[4]
Mean density
 3.54±0.85 g/cm³[1]
0.054 m/s²
0.093 km/s
0.3374 d (8.098 h) [5]
Albedo 0.210 (geometric)[2]
Temperature ~174 K
max: 265 K (-8°C)
Spectral type
 S [6]
8.3[7] to 12.0
6.50
0.186" to 0.058"

    20 Massalia is a large and fairly bright main-belt asteroid. It is also the largest member of the Massalia family of asteroids. Its name is the Greek name for Marseille,[8] the city from which one of the two independent co-discovers, Jean Chacornac, first sighted it.

    Characteristics

    Massalia is an S-type asteroid. It orbits at very low inclination in the intermediate main belt, and is by far the largest asteroid in the Massalia family. The remaining family members are fragments ejected by a cratering event on Massalia.[9]

    Massalia has an above-average density for S-type asteroids, similar to the density of silicate rocks. As such, it appears to be a solid un-fractured body, a rarity among asteroids of its size. Apart from the few largest bodies over 400 km in diameter, such as 1 Ceres and 4 Vesta, most asteroids appear to have been significantly fractured, or are even rubble piles. In 1998, Bange estimated Massalia to have a mass of 5.2×1018 kg assuming that 4 Vesta has 1.35×10−10 solar mass.[4] The mass of Massalia is dependent on the mass of 4 Vesta and perturbation of 44 Nysa.[4]

    Lightcurve analysis indicates that Massalia's pole points towards either ecliptic coordinates (β, λ) = (45°, 10°) or (β, λ) = (45°, 190°) with a 10° uncertainty.[3] This gives an axial tilt of 45°in both cases. The shape reconstruction from lightcurves has been described as quite spherical with large planar, nonconvex parts of the surface.

    In 1988 a search for satellites or dust orbiting this asteroid was performed using the UH88 telescope at the Mauna Kea Observatories, but the effort came up empty.[10]

    Discovery

    Massalia was discovered by A. de Gasparis on September 19, 1852 in Naples, and also found independently the next night by J. Chacornac in Marseilles. It was Chacornac's discovery that was announced first. In the nineteenth century the variant spelling Massilia was often used. Asteroids discovered prior to Massalia were assigned iconic symbols, like the ones traditionally used to designate the planets. However, astronomers had begun to phase out this practice with the discovery of 16 Psyche in March 1852, and 20 Massalia (being the first object in the Solar System with a non-mythological name)[8] was the first asteroid that was not assigned an iconic symbol.

    References

    1. 1 2 3 Jim Baer (2008). "Recent Asteroid Mass Determinations". Personal Website. Retrieved 2008-12-11.
    2. 1 2 Supplemental IRAS Minor Planet Survey
    3. 1 2 M. Kaasalainen; et al. (2002). "Models of Twenty Asteroids from Photometric Data" (PDF). Icarus 159 (2): 369. Bibcode:2002Icar..159..369K. doi:10.1006/icar.2002.6907.
    4. 1 2 3 J. Bange (1998). "An estimation of the mass of asteroid 20-Massalia derived from the HIPPARCOS minor planets data". Astronomy & Astrophysics 340: L1. Bibcode:1998A&A...340L...1B.
    5. ↑ PDS lightcurve data
    6. ↑ PDS spectral class data
    7. ↑ Donald H. Menzel & Jay M. Pasachoff (1983). A Field Guide to the Stars and Planets (2nd ed.). Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin. p. 391. ISBN 0-395-34835-8.
    8. 1 2 Schmadel, Lutz. Dictionary of Minor Planet Names (6th ed.). Springer. p. 15. ISBN 9783642297182.
    9. ↑ D. Vokrouhlický; et al. (2006). "Yarkovsky/YORP chronology of asteroid families". Icarus 182: 118. Bibcode:2006Icar..182..118V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2005.12.010.
    10. ↑ Gradie, J.; Flynn, L. (March 1988), "A Search for Satellites and Dust Belts Around Asteroids: Negative Results", Abstracts of the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference 19, pp. 405–406, Bibcode:1988LPI....19..405G.

    External links

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