2MASS J0523-1403
| Observation data Epoch J2000 Equinox J2000 | |
|---|---|
| Constellation | Lepus |
| Right ascension | 05h 23m 38.221s[1] |
| Declination | −14° 03′ 02.29″[1] |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 21.05[2] |
| Characteristics | |
| Spectral type | L2.5[2] |
| Astrometry | |
| Radial velocity (Rv) | 12.21 ± 0.09[3] km/s |
| Proper motion (μ) | RA: 109.87 ± 17.14[4] mas/yr Dec.: 178.88 ± 21.12 [4] mas/yr |
| Parallax (π) | 80.95 ± 1.76[2] mas |
| Distance | 40.3 ± 0.9 ly (12.4 ± 0.3 pc) |
| Absolute magnitude (MV) | 20.6[2] |
| Details | |
| Mass | <0.08 M☉ |
| Radius | 0.086 ± 0.025[2] R☉ |
| Luminosity | 0.000126[2] L☉ |
| Temperature | 2074 ± 27[2] K |
| Rotational velocity (v sin i) | 21[5] km/s |
| Other designations | |
2MASS J05233822-1403022, 2MUCD 10390, B2006 J052338.2-140302, 2MASSI J0523382-140302, USNO-B1.0 0759-00062850 | |
| Database references | |
| SIMBAD | data |
2MASS J0523-1403 is a very-low-mass red dwarf about 40 light years from Earth in the southern constellation of Lepus. With a very faint visual magnitude of 21.05 and a low effective temperature of 2074K it is visible primarily in large telescopes sensitive to infrared light. 2MASS J0523-1403 was first observed as part of the Two Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS).[6]
Characteristics
2MASS J0523-1403 has a luminosity of 0.000126 L☉, a mass of <0.08M☉, a radius of 0.086 R☉ and an effective temperature of 2074K. These values are currently the lowest known for a main sequence star.[2] It has a stellar classification of L2.5 and a V-K color index of 9.42.[2] Observation with the Hubble Space Telescope has detected no companion beyond 0.15 arcsecond.[7] Sporadic radio emissions were detected by the VLA in 2004.[8] H-alpha (Hα) emissions have also been detected, a sign of chromospheric activity.[5]
Hydrogen burning limit
Members of the RECONS group have recently identified 2MASS J0523-1403 as representative of the smallest possible stars.[9] Its small radius is at local minimums of the radius-luminosity and radius-temperature trends.[2] This local minimum is predicted to occur at the hydrogen burning limit due to differences in the radius-mass relationships of stars and brown dwarfs. Unlike stars, brown dwarfs decrease in radius as mass increases due to their cores being supported by degeneracy pressure. As the mass increases an increasing fraction of the brown dwarf is degenerate causing the radius to shrink as mass increases.[9]
References
- 1 2 "2MASS J05233822-1403022". SIMBAD - Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 14 December 2013.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Dieterich, Sergio B.; Henry, Todd J.; Jao, Wei-Chun; Winters, Jennifer G.; Hosey, Altonio D.; Riedel, Adric R.; Subasavage, John P. (May 2014). "The Solar Neighborhood XXXII. The Hydrogen Burning Limit". The Astronomical Journal 147 (5). article id 94. arXiv:1312.1736. Bibcode:2014AJ....147...94D. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/147/5/94.
- ↑ Blake, Cullen H.; Charbonneau, David; White, Russel J. (2010). "The NIRSPEC Ultracool Dwarf Radial Velocity Survey". The Astrophysical Journal 723 (1): 684–706. arXiv:1008.3874. Bibcode:2010ApJ...723..684B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/723/1/684.
- 1 2 Casewell, S. L.; Jameson, R. F.; Burleigh, M. R. (2008). "Proper motions of field L and T dwarfs - II". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 390 (4): 1517–1526. arXiv:0808.1633. Bibcode:2008MNRAS.390.1517C. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13855.x.
- 1 2 Reiners, A.; Basri, G. (2008). "Chromospheric Activity, Rotation, and Rotational Braking in M and L Dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal 684 (2): 1390–1403. arXiv:0805.1059v2. Bibcode:2008ApJ...684.1390R. doi:10.1086/590073.
- ↑ Cruz, Kelle L.; Reid, I. Neill; Liebert, James; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Lowrance, Patrick J. (2003). "Meeting the Cool Neighbors. V. A 2MASS-Selected Sample of Ultracool Dwarfs". The Astronomical Journal 126 (5): 2421–2448. arXiv:astro-ph/0307429. Bibcode:2003AJ....126.2421C. doi:10.1086/378607.
- ↑ Reid, I. Neill; Lewitus, E.; Allen, P. R.; Cruz, Kelle L.; Burgasser, Adam J. (2006). "A Search for Binary Systems among the Nearest L Dwarfs". The Astronomical Journal 132 (2): 891–901. arXiv:astro-ph/0606331. Bibcode:2006AJ....132..891R. doi:10.1086/505626.
- ↑ Antonova, A.; Doyle, J. G.; Hallinan, G.; Golden, A.; Koen, C. (2 September 2007). "Sporadic long-term variability in radio activity from a brown dwarf". Astronomy and Astrophysics 472 (1): 257–260. arXiv:0707.0634. Bibcode:2007A&A...472..257A. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20077231.
- 1 2 Garmany, Katy (9 December 2013). "NOAO/SOAR: Where do stars end and brown dwarfs begin?" (Press release). National Optical Astronomy Observatory. Retrieved 14 December 2013.
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