3rd Parachute Chasseur Regiment

3rd Parachute Chasseur Regiment
3e Régiment de Chasseurs Parachutistes
Active 1943 - 1945
1979 - 1998
Country  France
Branch French Army
Type Parachute Infantry
Role Infantry
Garrison/HQ Brigade SAS
24e DAP
Motto(s) « Who Dares Wins »
Engagements
Insignia
Abbreviation 3e R.C.P

The 3rd Parachute Chasseur Regiment (French: 3e Régiment de Chasseurs Parachutistes) or 3e RCP, was a French unit of Second World War known, in the British Army, under the designation of 3rd SAS Regiment. Implicated in operation of the Liberation of France and the Netherlands, the unit disappeared temporarily at the end of the conflict and reappeared between 1979 and 1998.

Creation and different nominations

History, garrisons, campaigns and battles

Successive garrisons

World War II

While at the end of 1942, the 1st Air Infantry Battalion was constituted in England at the corps of the Free French Air Forces, Captain Jean-Marie Bouvier, and Captain Fournier, assembled in Caire volunteers of the Free French Forces. The unit which was created in Rouïba Algeria, was transferred to the Tripolitaine in Libya and to Mena Camp in Egypt[1] before rejoining again Rouïba in October with an effectif of almost 600 men.

Officially constituted on June 6, 1943,[2] the 3rd Air Infantry Battalion joined Camp de Camberly in England on November 7. The unit, reduced unfortunately to almost 300 men, was commanded by Captain Château-Jobert.[3]

The 3rd Air Infantry Battalion (3e BIA) and 1st Air Infantry Battalion (1e BIA), which were just redesignated as 4th Air Infantry Battalion (4eBIA), were regrouped at the corps of a Demi-Brigade, commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Durand, a veteran of the Franc Corps of Africa. Integrated in the British Forces, the two BIAs were incorporated in the Special Air Service Brigade of Brigadier Mac Leod starting December 1943. The 3rd and 4th BIA were designated respectively as 3rd and 4th French SAS Regiments at the corps of the Brigade and the men benefitted access to the various SAS centers of instruction.

The British parachute wings was obtained after eight jumps. The parachute wings insignia received by the formed paras was formulated by Captain Georges Bergé, made out of tissu and conceived on the chest.[4]

At the end of the month of January 1944, the Demi-Brigade was transferred to Scotland (French: L'Écosse). On April 1, the two BIAs were designated as Parachute Chasseur Regiments (RCP). The 3rd and 4th BIA became then respectively the 3rd Parachute Chasseur Regiment (3eRCP) and 2nd Parachute Chasseur Regiment (2eRCP) respectively.[5]

The mission of the SAS is a commando oriented nature. Contrary to the classic parachute troops, the mission was not to engage the ennemy directly but to operate behind the lines in sabotage, clandestine and harceling missions. With really no main rear combat support, missions were led by small units, which engaged and unfolded while leading combats quickly.[6]

The composition of a regiment SAS, which sized the neighbouring strength of a large infantry battalion, was in theory about 600 men spread[7] in:

The encadrement rate of the unit was twice as superior as that of a regular battalion. Counting actually, sixty to sixty five officers and seventy warrant officers, almost a fifth of the total effectif.[8]

Each man was equipped with a Colt 45, a U.S. dagger, a carbine with folding buttstock or a mitraillette Sten. The collective armement resumed to mitrailleurs Bren guns and anti-tank arms type Bazooka or PIAT.

While the 2nd Parachute Chasseur Regiment was deployed in Bretagne during the operations of disembarking on June 1944, the 3rd Parachute Chasseur Regiment was held temporarily in England. The 3rd Parachute Chasseur Regiment was entrusted with action covering the southern flanc of the U.S. 3rd Army which just disembarked in Normandy making way west across the country. Between July 16 and October 7, 1944, the regiment was dropped on France along the line Nantes-Lyon. The mission of the regiment was to contain an opposing force of almost 100,000 men making way to the north.[9]

An initial detachment, at the orders of Captain Simon and constituted from a reinforced squadron, a Demi-Squadron and from the 3rd squadron intervened in le Poitou and limousin from mid-July, made way on Châteauroux and Issoudun beginning of September, before regrouping beginning of October south of poche de Saint-Nazaire.

The 2nd squadron of Captain Pierre Sicaud was first parachuted on the Finistère in the night of the 4 to 5 August (region of Plougastel-Daoulas, Landerneau et Morlaix). The mission consisted of protecting the necessary bridges in order to assure the progression of U.S. Armoured American Units. The 2nd rejoined the 1st squadron and the command Demi-Squadron which remained deployed since August 12 around the cities of Lyon, Chalon-sur-Saône, Autun et Saint-Étienne.

Following a regroupment in the region of Ay Dizy then at Épernay, the 3e RCP paraded in Paris on November 11, 1944. The effectif of the regiment was eloquent: 39 killed in action or disappeared and 72 wounded in action for having placed 6,416 opposing forces out of combat, as well as 20 opposing tanks, 11 trains and a number of vehicles.[10]

The two French SAS regiments were then engaged in the Netherlands in Operation Amherst. The 696 SAS operators were parachuted on 19 different Landing Zones (L.Z)[11] spanning between Ommen et Groningen. They preceded the 2nd Canadian Corps while administering confusion, preventing the opposition of establishing defence lines and mainly also preserving status of bridges.

The operation was a success for the Canadians. The losses for the SAS regiments were heavy and represented more than 20% of the effectifs engaged. Accordingly, the 3e RCP endured the loss of 12 killed, 40 disappeared and 20 wounded.[12]

In June 1945, at the end of the Second World Conflict, the airportable troops left the allied giron. On August 6, the three Parachute Chasseurs regiments and the 4e RIA SAS, which were just reattached permanently to the French Army, were incorporated in the newly created 24th Airborne Division 24e D.A.P.[13]

Returned to their new reserve garrison with the induction of volunteers for the duration of the war, it was not possible to the maintain entirely the units. The 3rd Parachute Chassuer Regiment (3e RCP) was then dissolved and absorbed by the 2nd Parachute Chasseur Regiment (2e RCP with command entrusted to Lieutenant-Colonel de Bollardière.

On October 2, 1945, during an honorary ceremony in honor of the French SAS regiments of the 24th Airborne Division, commanded by général Bonjour, Brigadier Calvert bestowed the Wellington chapeau on the 3e RCP and that of Napolean on the 2e RCP.

Post War

The 3e RCP was recreated in 1979 at the corps of the airportable instruction center for which the regiment assured to the support and logistics.[14] Eventhough the regiment's principal mission revolved around ensuring the protection of the territory, the regiment was able to be projected hors metropole. In 1996, the regiment was briefly desigatned as "École des troupes aéroportées, the 3e Régiment de chasseurs parachutistes" (ETAP/3e RCP).

The unit was again dissolved in 1998 within the cadre of the reorganization of the armed forces.

The traditions of the 3e RCP were readopted by the Center of Commando Instruction (CEC) of Givet in August 2006 (by dissolution of the 9th Zouave Regiment, a former unit of tradition of the (CEC)) until the dissolve of the latter in 2009.

Traditions

Motto

« Who dares wins » is the general motto of the British SAS, translated in French to « Qui ose gagne ».

Insignia

During the Second World Conflict, the men of the 3e RCP did not dispose of any insignia which was specific to the unit. Incorporated in the British forces, the men's regiment wore British uniforms and harbored on their beret the SAS insignia while carrying on their chest the parachute brevet of the Free French Forces (French: Forces françaises Libres, F.F.L). Sometimes, the SAS wings reward their participation to war operations.

The specific insignia of the 3rd Parachute Chasseur Regiment, 3e RCP wasn't created until the birth of the unit in 1979. The symbloic insignia of the regiment recalls largely the origin of the SAS of the Second World War.

Regimental Colors

The regimental Colors of the French SAS was bestowed to the two Air Infantry Battalions by général Martial Valin of the Free French Air Forces. Entrusted to the Guard of the 4th Air Infantry Battalion 4e BIA, the regimental colors were then transferred to the 2nd Parachute Chasseur Regiment 2e RCP then to the SAS Parachute Demi-Brigade of Indochina, the heir of the 1st Marine Infantry Parachute Regiment, 1 R.P.I.Ma.

The shared SAS Regimental Colors is the most decorated of the Second World War.[15] Colors of the regiment bear wearing:

Honors

Battle honors

The regimental colors bear the following 7 inscriptions obtained for 7 citations at the orders of the armed forces:

To differentiate the unit, Château Jobert then de Bollardière, nevertheless fabricated specific fanion in 1944 and 1945.

The 3rd Parachute Chasseur Regiment however, 3e RCP received nevertheless the respective Regimental Colors only until February 15, 1982. Inscribed on the regimetal colors of the 3e RCP:

Regimental colors of the 3e RCP are decorated with the Croix de guerre 1939-1945 with 2 palms and bears wearing the Fourragere with colors of the croix de guerre 1914-1918 with olive 1939-1945.

Decorations

The 3e RCP obtained two citations at the orders of the Armed Air Force for action during the Second World War and obtained accordingly two citations croix de guerre with palm. The first citation was bestowed for delivering combats between July 16 and October 7, 1944 for having liberated 9 provinces from Bretagne to Limousin and at Franche-Comté. The second citation was bestowed for actions in the Netherlands as of April 7, 1945 while leading in front of Canadian troops. This last citation was accompanied with the right to bear wearing the fourragere with colors of the croix de guerre.[16]

The unit also obtained on May 9, 1950 for that very same operation, the Royal Dutch Bronze Lion.[17]

Regimental Commanders

Honorary Regimental Arms Celebration

The unit particularly illustrated capability during combats for the Liberation of France and the end of 1944 and combats of Holland in the spring of 1945 (Operation Amherst). These two arms celebrations are the subject of collective citations and inscriptions on the regimental colors of the unit.

Notable members of the 3rd Parachute Chasseur Regiment

See also

References

  1. ↑ À l'époque, les FFL n'étaient pas les bienvenus en Algérie
  2. ↑ Date provenant de la première citation du 3e RCP pour les opérations de libération de la France
  3. ↑ Dans son livre Feux et lumière sur ma trace, Château Jobert confirme une "sérieuse décantation [...] du personnel pour en éliminer la lie", page 41
  4. ↑ In Les bérets rouges, pages 134 à 144.
  5. ↑ In Histoire des parachutistes français, pages 23 à 27.
  6. ↑ In Opération Amherst, de Franck Segrétain, page 63.
  7. ↑ In Histoire des parachutistes français, pages 24.
  8. ↑ In Feux et lumière sur ma trace, page 46.
  9. ↑ In Histoire des parachutistes français, pages 39 et 40.
  10. ↑ Les chiffres donnés par Histoire des parachutistes français, pages 41
  11. ↑ In Histoire des parachutistes français, page 44.
  12. ↑ In Paras de la France libre, page 279.
  13. ↑ La 24e DAP est créée le 16 juillet 1945. Les troupes aéroportées quittent définitivement l'armée de l'air et rejoignent l'armée de terre le 1er août, In Chasseurs parachutistes 1935 - 2005 page 64
  14. ↑ In Chasseurs parachutistes 1935 - 2005 page 192.
  15. ↑ In Chasseurs parachutistes 1935-2005, page 295.
  16. ↑ In Chasseurs parachutistes 1935 - 2005 pages 42 et 62.
  17. ↑ In Chasseurs parachutistes 1935 - 2005 page 62.

Sources and bibliographies

External links

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