40

Millennium:	1st millennium
Centuries:	1st century BC – 1st century – 2nd century
Decades:	10s  20s  30s  – 40s –  50s  60s  70s
Years:	37 38 39 – 40 – 41 42 43

40 by topic

Politics

State leaders – Sovereign states

Birth and death categories

Births – Deaths

Establishment and disestablishment categories

Establishments – Disestablishments

40 in other calendars

Gregorian calendar	40 XL
Ab urbe condita	793
Assyrian calendar	4790
Bengali calendar	−553
Berber calendar	990
Buddhist calendar	584
Burmese calendar	−598
Byzantine calendar	5548–5549
Chinese calendar	己亥年 (Earth Pig) 2736 or 2676     — to — 庚子年 (Metal Rat) 2737 or 2677
Coptic calendar	−244 – −243
Discordian calendar	1206
Ethiopian calendar	32–33
Hebrew calendar	3800–3801
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	96–97
- Shaka Samvat	N/A
- Kali Yuga	3141–3142
Holocene calendar	10040
Iranian calendar	582 BP – 581 BP
Islamic calendar	600 BH – 599 BH
Julian calendar	40 XL
Korean calendar	2373
Minguo calendar	1872 before ROC 民前1872年
Seleucid era	351/352 AG
Thai solar calendar	582–583

Year 40 (XL) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Augustus without colleague (or, less frequently, year 793 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 40 for this year has been used since the Early Middle Ages, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Events

By place

Roman Empire

• The emperor Caligula is consul without colleague.
• Caligula starts on a campaign to conquer Britain, which fails miserably. He declares himself victorious regardless.
• Noricum and Mauretania are incorporated into the Roman Empire.
• Caligula reforms the principatus into a Hellenistic Autocracy. He distributes honors carelessly, declares himself a god and orders that all the heads of the Greek deity statues be replaced by his. He also appoints his horse, Incitatus, a senator.
• Approximate date of start of construction on the Pont du Gard aqueduct in Gallia Narbonensis.^[1]

Europe

• The Germanic Quadi tribe begin settling in present-day Moravia and Slovakia.

Asia

• Vardanes I becomes king of Parthia, opposed by his brother Gotarzes II.
• The Vietnamese Trưng Sisters rebel against the rule of the Chinese Emperor Guangwu of Han.

By topic

Arts and sciences

• Philo teaches that all men are born free.

Religion

• Christianity comes to Egypt as a church is founded in Alexandria. Mark the Evangelist founds the Coptic Church as the first Patriarch.
• An early Christian church is erected at Corinth (most probable date).

Births

• March 1 – Martial, Latin poet (d. 102)
• July 13 – Gnaeus Julius Agricola, Roman governor of Britain (d. 93 AD)
• Pedanius Dioscorides, Greek physician (approximate date) (d. 90 AD)
• Frontinus, Roman general and military author (approximate date) (d. 103)
• Dio Chrysostom, Greek philosopher and historian (approximate date) d. c. 120)
• Claudia Octavia, daughter of Claudius and Messalina (d. 62)
• Empress Ma of the Han dynasty (d. 79)

Deaths

• January – Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, husband of Agrippina the Younger, brother-in-law of Caligula (dropsy) (b. 17 BC)
• Ptolemy of Mauretania (executed by Caligula) (b. 1 BC)

References

1. Fabre, Guilhem; Fiches, Jean-Luc; Paillet, Jean-Louis (1991). "Interdisciplinary Research on the Aqueduct of Nimes and the Pont du Gard". Journal of Roman Archaeology 4: 63–88.