424 BC

Millennium:	1st millennium BC
Centuries:	6th century BC – 5th century BC – 4th century BC
Decades:	450s BC  440s BC  430s BC  – 420s BC –  410s BC  400s BC  390s BC
Years:	427 BC 426 BC 425 BC – 424 BC – 423 BC 422 BC 421 BC

424 BC in other calendars

Gregorian calendar	424 BC
Ab urbe condita	330
Ancient Egypt era	XXVII dynasty, 102
- Pharaoh	Artaxerxes I of Persia, 42
Ancient Greek era	89th Olympiad (victor)¹
Assyrian calendar	4327
Bengali calendar	−1016
Berber calendar	527
Buddhist calendar	121
Burmese calendar	−1061
Byzantine calendar	5085–5086
Chinese calendar	丙辰年 (Fire Dragon) 2273 or 2213     — to — 丁巳年 (Fire Snake) 2274 or 2214
Coptic calendar	−707 – −706
Discordian calendar	743
Ethiopian calendar	−431 – −430
Hebrew calendar	3337–3338
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	−367 – −366
- Shaka Samvat	N/A
- Kali Yuga	2678–2679
Holocene calendar	9577
Iranian calendar	1045 BP – 1044 BP
Islamic calendar	1077 BH – 1076 BH
Julian calendar	N/A
Korean calendar	1910
Minguo calendar	2335 before ROC 民前2335年
Thai solar calendar	119–120

Year 424 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Tribunate of Crassus, Fidenas, Rutilus and Iullus (or, less frequently, year 330 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 424 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Events

By place

Persian empire

• Xerxes II rules as King of Persia for only about 45 days until he is killed. He is reportedly murdered, while drunk, by Pharnacyas and Menostanes on the orders of Secydianus (or Sogdianus), the son of one of Artaxerxes I's concubines, Alogyne of Babylon.

Greece

• At the Congress of Gela, the statesman Hermocrates of Syracuse persuades the cities of Sicily to agree to make peace and urges the exclusion of foreign powers. As a result, the three-year war between his city and Sicily's pro-Athenian towns ends and the Athenian forces, which had been sent to Sicily to support Greek settlements, are forced to withdraw.
• Demosthenes and Hippocrates attempt to capture Megara, but they are defeated by the Spartans under their general Brasidas. Demosthenes then marches to Naupactus to assist in a democratic revolution, and to gather troops for an invasion of Boeotia. However, Demosthenes and Hippocrates are unable to coordinate their attacks and Hippocrates is defeated at the Battle of Delium by Pagondas of Thebes. During the battle, Socrates is said to have saved the life of Alcibiades. Demosthenes attacks Sicyon and is defeated as well.
• After he frustrates the Athenian attack on Megara, Brasidas marches through Boeotia and Thessaly to Chalcidice at the head of 700 helots and 1000 Peloponnesian mercenaries to join the Macedonian king Perdiccas II. Refusing to be made a tool for the furtherance of Perdiccas' ambitions, Brasidas wins over the important cities of Acanthus, Stagirus, Amphipolis and Torone as well as a number of minor towns. An attack on Eion is foiled by the arrival of Thucydides at the head of an Athenian squadron.
• Brasidas' capture of the city of Amphipolis is a major reverse for Athens, for which the Athenian general (and future historian) Thucydides is held responsible and banished. This gives Thucydides the opportunity for undistracted study for his History and for travel and wider contacts, especially on the Peloponnesian side (Sparta and its allies).
• Nicias captures the Peloponnesian island of Cythera, from which to harry the Spartans.

By topic

Literature

• Sophocles' play Oedipus Rex is performed.

Architecture

• The temple to Athena Nike (also known as the Wingless Victory) on the Athenian Acropolis is completed. It has been designed by the Athenian architect Callicrates.

Births

424/423 BC - estimated birth of Plato, a famous philosopher.

Deaths

• Xerxes II, King of Persia

References