439

Millennium:	1st millennium
Centuries:	4th century – 5th century – 6th century
Decades:	400s  410s  420s  – 430s –  440s  450s  460s
Years:	436 437 438 – 439 – 440 441 442

439 by topic

Politics

State leaders – Sovereign states

Birth and death categories

Births – Deaths

Establishment and disestablishment categories

Establishments – Disestablishments

439 in other calendars

Gregorian calendar	439 CDXXXIX
Ab urbe condita	1192
Assyrian calendar	5189
Bengali calendar	−154
Berber calendar	1389
Buddhist calendar	983
Burmese calendar	−199
Byzantine calendar	5947–5948
Chinese calendar	戊寅年 (Earth Tiger) 3135 or 3075     — to — 己卯年 (Earth Rabbit) 3136 or 3076
Coptic calendar	155–156
Discordian calendar	1605
Ethiopian calendar	431–432
Hebrew calendar	4199–4200
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	495–496
- Shaka Samvat	361–362
- Kali Yuga	3540–3541
Holocene calendar	10439
Iranian calendar	183 BP – 182 BP
Islamic calendar	189 BH – 188 BH
Julian calendar	439 CDXXXIX
Korean calendar	2772
Minguo calendar	1473 before ROC 民前1473年
Seleucid era	750/751 AG
Thai solar calendar	981–982

Empress Licinia Eudoxia

Year 439 (CDXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Theodosius and Festus (or, less frequently, year 1192 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 439 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Events

By place

Europe

Britain

• The Battle of Guoloph sees the defeat of Vitalinus (possibly Vortigern) at the hands of Ambrosius Aurelianus and a combined force of Romano-British forces from across southern Britain.

Roman Empire

• Flavius Aetius, Roman general (magister militum), lays siege at Toulouse. During the decisive battle before the walls he suffers a severe defeat, and only the heavy loss of Visigoths makes king Theodoric I decide to agree to a provisional restoration of the status quo.
• Licinia Eudoxia, wife of emperor Valentinian III, is granted the title of Augusta following the birth of their daughter Eudocia.
• Greek becomes an official language in the Eastern Roman Empire.

Balkans

• Winter – Hun and Roman envoys meet at Margum (modern Bosnia and Herzegovina), an important market town on the Sava River. After negotiations, Attila and his brother Bleda who are present, accept a four-point peace plan. Trading rights between the two states are confirmed and emperor Theodosius II pays an annual tribute of 700 pounds of gold.^[1]

Africa

• King Genseric breaks his treaty with the Western Roman Empire and invades Africa Proconsularis.
• October 19 – Carthage falls to the Vandals. Genseric makes it his capital and established the Vandal Kingdom.
• The Vandals establish a North African granary that enables them to enforce their will on other nations who are dependent on North Africa for grain and other food staples.
• Winter – The Vandals conquer Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica and the Balearic Islands.

By topic

Religion

• Isaac the Great, Armenian apostolic patriarch, dies at Ashtishat. He helped to develop a Greek-inspired alphabet and translate the Bible with various Christian writings into Armenian.
• The monastery of Mar Saba is founded near Bethlehem (Palestine).

Births

• Eudocia, Vandal queen and daughter of Valentinian III
• Ming Di, emperor of the Liu Song Dynasty (d. 472)
• Sabbas the Sanctified, Christian monk and saint (d. 532)

Deaths

• Isaac, patriarch of Armenia (b. 338)
• Litorius, general of the Western Roman Empire
• Sima Maoying, empress of the Liu Song Dynasty (b. 393)
• June 9 – Spearthrower Owl, ruler of Teotihuacan (Mexico)

References

1. The End of Empire (p. 117). Christopher Kelly, 2009. ISBN 978-0-393-33849-2