637
This article is about the year 637. For the number, see 637 (number).
| Millennium: | 1st millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 6th century – 7th century – 8th century |
| Decades: | 600s 610s 620s – 630s – 640s 650s 660s |
| Years: | 634 635 636 – 637 – 638 639 640 |
| 637 by topic | |
| Politics | |
| State leaders – Sovereign states | |
| Birth and death categories | |
| Births – Deaths | |
| Establishment and disestablishment categories | |
| Establishments – Disestablishments | |
| Gregorian calendar | 637 DCXXXVII |
| Ab urbe condita | 1390 |
| Armenian calendar | 86 ԹՎ ՁԶ |
| Assyrian calendar | 5387 |
| Bengali calendar | 44 |
| Berber calendar | 1587 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1181 |
| Burmese calendar | −1 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6145–6146 |
| Chinese calendar | 丙申年 (Fire Monkey) 3333 or 3273 — to — 丁酉年 (Fire Rooster) 3334 or 3274 |
| Coptic calendar | 353–354 |
| Discordian calendar | 1803 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 629–630 |
| Hebrew calendar | 4397–4398 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 693–694 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 559–560 |
| - Kali Yuga | 3738–3739 |
| Holocene calendar | 10637 |
| Iranian calendar | 15–16 |
| Islamic calendar | 15–16 |
| Japanese calendar | N/A |
| Julian calendar | 637 DCXXXVII |
| Korean calendar | 2970 |
| Minguo calendar | 1275 before ROC 民前1275年 |
| Seleucid era | 948/949 AG |
| Thai solar calendar | 1179–1180 |
The Muslim invasion of Northern Syria
Year 637 (DCXXXVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 637 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
Events
By place
Britain
- June 24 – Battle of Mag Rath: King Oswald of Northumbria sends troops to Ireland to assist king Domnall II in his alliance with king Congal Cáech of Ulster during the Irish dynastic wars. Congal and his forces are defeated near Moira. At the Mull of Kintyre (southwest Scotland) Domnall's fleet destroy the naval force of Dál Riata.
Persia
- March – Siege of Ctesiphon: The Rashidun army (15,000 men[1]) under Sa`d ibn Abi Waqqas occupy the Persian capital of Ctesiphon after a two-month siege. King Yazdegerd III flees with the imperial treasure eastward into Media. Muslim forces conquer the Persian provinces as far as Khuzestan (modern Iran).
- Battle of Jalula: Muslim Arabs defeat the Persian forces (20,000 men) under Farrukhzad at the Diyala River. The cities Tikrit and Mosul are captured, completing the conquest of Persia. The region west of the Zagros Mountains is annexed by the Rashidun Caliphate.
Arabian Empire
- April – Siege of Jerusalem: The Rashidun army (20,000 men[2]) led by 'Amr ibn al-'As conquer Jerusalem after a six-month siege. The Byzantine garrison surrender to caliph Umar I who is invited by Sophronius, patriarch of Jerusalem, to pray in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. Umar declines, fearing that accepting the invitation might endanger the church's status and turn the Christian holy site into a mosque.[3]
- Battle of Hazir: Muslim Arab forces (17,000 men) under Khalid ibn al-Walid defeat the Byzantine army near Qinnasrin (Northern Syria). The cities of Beirut and Tyre are captured by Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan after a short siege.
- October – Siege of Aleppo: Muslim Arabs under Khalid ibn al-Walid conquer the Byzantine stronghold Aleppo, the large walled city surrender after a four-month siege. An column under Malik al-Ashtar is sent to take Azaz.
- Battle of the Iron Bridge: Rashidun forces under Khalid ibn al-Walid defeat the Byzantine army and Christian Arabs near Antioch at the Orontes River. It marks the complete annexation of Syria into the Rashidun Caliphate.
Asia
- Chang'an, capital of the Tang Dynasty (China), becomes the largest city of the world, taking the lead from Ctesiphon, capital of Persia.[4]
- Queen Seondeok of Silla (Korea) builds near Gyeongju an astronomical observatory (Cheomseongdae) one of the oldest in East Asia.
- King Songtsän Gampo builds the first palace on the site of the Potala Palace in Lhasa (Tibet).
By topic
Religion
- The Muslims replace Zoroastrianism with Islam in Mesopotamia (later Iraq); they do not force their conquered subjects to embrace the Islamic faith, but they do require acceptance of the Quran as the doctrine of divine teaching and will oblige their subjects to learn Arabic (approximate date).
Births
Deaths
- Andreas of Caesarea, bishop and writer (b. 563)
- Congal Cáech, high king of Dál nAraidi (Ireland)
- John Athalarichos, illegitimate son of Heraclius
- Maria al-Qibtiyya, concubine[5][6] of Muhammad
- Mo Chua, Irish bishop and founder of Balla
- Mo Chutu, Irish abbot and founder of Lismore Abbey
- Rostam Farrokhzād, Persian general (or 636)
- Wen Yanbo, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty (b. 575)
References
- ↑ Rosenthal, p. 12
- ↑ Akram 2004, p. 431
- ↑ The Great Islamic Conquests AD 632–750, David Nicolle (2009), p. 52. ISBN 978-1-84603-273-8
- ↑ Geography at about.com
- ↑ Exegesis (Tafsir) of Quran by ibn Kathir for Chapter 66, verses 1–5 of Quran
- ↑ Zaad al-Ma'aad, 1/103
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