98th (Prince of Wales's) Regiment of Foot

For other units with the same regimental number, see 98th Regiment of Foot (disambiguation).
98th (The Prince of Wales's) Regiment of Foot
Active 1824–1881
Country Great Britain
Allegiance British Crown
Branch British Army
Type Infantry
Role Line Infantry
Size One battalion
March God Bless the Prince of Wales
Engagements First Opium War, Second Anglo-Sikh War
Disbanded 1881, amalgamated with 64th Foot to become The Prince of Wales's (North Staffordshire) Regiment
Commanders
Colonel of
the Regiment		 HRH The Prince of Wales
Notable
commanders		 Sir Colin Campbell

The 98th (Prince of Wales) Regiment of Foot was an infantry regiment of the British Army. It was originally raised in 1824 as the 98th Regiment of Foot, before assuming the title of the 98th (Prince of Wales) Regiment of Foot in 1876. Later, in 1881, following the Childers Reforms of the British Army, the regiment was amalgamated with the 64th Regiment of Foot to become the Prince of Wales's (North Staffordshire) Regiment. As the 64th Foot was senior to the 98th, the 98th became the 2nd Battalion in the new regiment. Throughout the course of the regiment's existence it served mostly overseas in South Africa, China and India.

History

The 98th Foot was raised in Chichester in 1824 by Lieutenant Colonel Mildmay Fane.[1] It was the sixth regiment to be numbered the 98th Foot. The first Colonel of the regiment was Major General Henry Conran.[2] The first set of colours were presented by the Duchess of Richmond at a ceremony at Chichester on 6 October 1824.[2]

In December 1824 the new regiment was posted to South Africa where for all bar two years of its 13-year tour it was based in Cape Town, the other two years being in Grahamstown. During the entire tour no active service was seen. Returning to England in 1837 the regiment was based for two years in Newcastle upon Tyne where it was frequently called out to support the civil powers during the Chartist unrests. At this point command of the regiment was taken over by its most famous commanding officer, Sir Colin Campbell who commanded the reigment for 12 years between 1835 and 1847.[3]

In 1841 the regiment moved to Ireland but very shortly afterwards was sent to China during the 1st China or Opium War. Arriving in Hong Kong in 1842 it formed part of the 1st Brigade,[4] commanded by Major General Lord Saltoun, along with the 26th Foot, the Bengal Volunteer Battalion and the grenadier and light companies of the 41st Madras Native Infantry. The brigade advanced on Chinkiang and after an ineffective pursuit of retreating Chinese forces took part in the final advance on Nanking. During this war very few battle casualties were taken but over 50 died from cholera with another 200+ unfit for duty.[1] As a result of its participation in the Opium War, the regiment was awarded its first battle honour "The DRAGON superscribed CHINA". A move to Hong Kong followed where the appalling death rate from disease continued with over 500 dying and sick.[5] This loss of life affected the 98th's commander, Sir Colin Campbell, his biographer, Adrian Greenwood, argues that Campbell was suffering from manic depression at the time.[6]

The next move was to India in 1846. Initially the regiment was based in Calcutta (Kolkata) and Dinapore, however, in 1848 it moved to the Punjab where, although not directly engaged in the Second Anglo-Sikh War, a second battle honour — PUNJAUB — was awarded.[7] From here the regiment was one of the first British units to serve on the North West Frontier[7] and spent 1849–1851 in and around the Kohat Pass area. The governor-general of India, had instructed Sir Colin Campbell to take the 98th on a series of punitive raids against Pathan tribesmen, in order to force them to pay taxes levied by the East India Company, but Campbell refused and was forced to resign and return to England.[6]

By 1851 the regiment had been abroad for a total of nine years and in that time it had suffered over 1,100 deaths, mostly from sickness, with almost 200 invalided home.[8] The last three years of the posting were spent in Calcutta before the regiment returned to England in 1854.

Following three years on home service the regiment returned to India and the North West Frontier. As a result, it saw no service in the Indian Mutiny. Instead it was employed as part of the Sittana Field Force sent to deal with the so-called Hindustani Fanatics.[9]

The regiment returned home in 1867 and then in 1870 moved to Ireland for three years.[10] During this time it dealt with minor disturbance including a mutiny by the Tipperary Light Infantry Militia. The Cardwell Reforms were introduced during this period and it was then that the regiment was linked with the 64th (2nd Staffordshire) Foot for the first time.[11]

The next posting was to the West Indies from 1873 to 1880 followed by a move to Malta. It was in Malta following the presentation of what transpired to be the last set of regimental colours by HRH The Prince of Wales that the regiment became the 98th (Prince of Wales's) Regiment of Foot on 27 October 1876.[12]

War broke out in Afghanistan in 1879 and in 1880 in response the regiment moved once more to India being based initially at Karachi.[13] It was here that in 1881 the eventual conclusion of the Childers Reforms took effect and the regiment amalgamated with the 64th Foot to become the Prince of Wales's (North Staffordshire) Regiment. As the junior regiment the 98th Foot became the 2nd Battalion of the new regiment.[11]

In its short life of 57 years, no less than 43 were spent on overseas postings.

Battle honours

The 98th Foot was granted the following battle honours:

Amalgamation

On 1 July 1881, the 64th and 98th Regiments of Foot were combined with militia and rifle volunteer units in Northern Staffordshire to form The Prince of Wales's (North Staffordshire) Regiment. The regiment was renamed The North Staffordshire (The Prince of Wales's) Regiment in 1920. In 1959 the North Staffordshire and South Staffordshire Regiments amalgamated to form The Staffordshire Regiment (The Prince of Wales's). In September 2007 The Staffordshire Regiment amalgamated with the 22nd (Cheshire) Regiment and The Worcestershire and Sherwood Foresters Regiment to form The Mercian Regiment, in which the Staffords became the 3rd (Staffordshire) Battalion.[15]

The Dragon device is still carried on the colours and drums of the Mercian Regiment.[14]

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 Cook (1970), p. 33.
  2. 1 2 Historical Record (1908), p. 1.
  3. ↑ Cook (1970), p. 35.
  4. ↑ Historical Record (1908), p. 2.
  5. ↑ Cook (1970), p. 38.
  6. 1 2 Greenwood (2015), pp. 232–233.
  7. 1 2 Cook (1970), p. 58.
  8. ↑ Cook (1970), p. 59.
  9. ↑ Cook (1970), p. 60.
  10. ↑ Historical Record (1908), p. 3.
  11. 1 2 "Cardwell Reforms" (PDF). Retrieved 30 July 2009.
  12. ↑ Historical Record (1908), p. 13.
  13. ↑ Cook (1970), p. 62.
  14. 1 2 "The Mercian Regiment: Regimental Devices and Badges" (PDF). Retrieved 9 April 2009.
  15. ↑ "House of Commons - Hansard Debates for 16 Dec 2004 (pt 6)". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). House of Commons. 16 December 2004. col. 1796.

References

External links

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