9×23mm Largo

9mm Bergmann–Bayard, 9mm Largo
Type Pistol
Place of origin  Germany
Service history
Used by Spain
Denmark
Production history
Designer Theodor Bergmann
Designed 1901
Specifications
Case type Rimless, tapered
Bullet diameter 9.02 mm (0.355 in)
Neck diameter 9.63 mm (0.379 in)
Base diameter 9.91 mm (0.390 in)
Rim diameter 9.96 mm (0.392 in)
Case length 23.11 mm (0.910 in)
Overall length 33.53 mm (1.320 in)
Primer type Small pistol
Ballistic performance
Bullet weight/type Velocity Energy
127 gr (8 g) FMJ 1,167 ft/s (356 m/s) 384 ft·lbf (521 J)
Test barrel length: 150 mm (5.9 in)

The 9×23mm Largo (9mm Largo, 9mm Bergmann–Bayard, 9mm Bayard Long) centerfire pistol cartridge was developed in 1901 for the Bergmann Mars pistol. The round was considered powerful for the day, producing a muzzle energy of between 330 and 430 ft·lbf (450 and 580 J) depending on the loading. A number of small changes to the Mars and the cartridge were made and the pistol that eventuated was called the Bergmann–Bayard 1903.

This pistol was adopted by the Spanish army in 1905 as the Pistola Bergmann de 9 mm. modelo 1903. Unable to find a German manufacturer to complete the Spanish order for 3000 pistols, Theodor Bergmann turned to a Belgian manufacturer, Anciens Etablissements Pieper (who used the trademark "Bayard") to complete the order. The final pistol, modified by AEP, was known as the Bergmann Bayard 1908, or in Spain as the Pistola Bergmann de 9 mm. modelo 1908. Although adopted in 1908 first deliveries did not take place until two years later. Meanwhile, other manufacturers such as Campo-Giro had adopted the 9mm Bergmann–Bayard round and, due to its long history of use in Spanish submachine guns, carbines and pistols, today it is most commonly known as the 9mm Largo.

At the same time the Bergmann–Bayard model 1910 semi-automatic pistol was adopted by the Danish military and remained in production until 1935.

Left to right: 9×23mm Largo, 9×19mm Parabellum, 9×23mm Winchester, and 9×23mm Steyr.

The cartridge headspaces on the mouth of the case.[1] With 125 gr (8.1 g; 0.29 oz) jacketed projectiles, the muzzle energy is 336 foot pounds, slightly lower than a standard-pressure 9×19mm Luger. Compared to the 9×19mm Luger +P, performance is also lower but at lower pressure in the 9×23mm Largo. While external dimensions are almost identical, the 9×23mm Largo is a very different cartridge from the modern, high-performance 9×23mm Winchester. Firing the thicker-walled 9×23mm Winchester round in a 9×23mm Largo pistol is dangerous, as old 9mm Largo pistols cannot handle the pressure generated by the 9×23mm Winchester. Performance is similar to the contemporary 9×23mm Steyr, but the cartridges were developed independently and their dimensions are just different enough to render them non-interchangeable.

Firearms chambered for 9mm Largo

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Anciens Establissements Pieper (AEP)[1]

Astra-Unceta y Cia SA[1]

Arrizabalaga

CETME

Destroyer carbine and similar 9mm Largo Carbines

Fábrica de Armas, A Coruña

Fontbernat

Llama

Parinco

Republica Española

Star Bonifacio Echeverria[1]

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 Wilson, R. K. Textbook of Automatic Pistols, p.233. Plantersville, SC: Small Arms Technical Publishing Company, 1943.

External links

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