Alidius Tjarda van Starkenborgh Stachouwer

Jonkheer Alidius Tjarda van Starkenborgh Stachouwer
Tjarda van Starkenborgh Stachouwer in 1935
Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies
In office 1936–1942
Preceded by	Bonifacius Cornelis de Jonge
Succeeded by	Hubertus van Mook during the Japanese occupation of Indonesia
Queen's Commissioner in Groningen
In office 1925–1933
Monarch	Wilhelmina of the Netherlands
Preceded by	Edzard Tjarda van Starkenborgh Stachouwer
Succeeded by	Joachimus Pieter Fockema Andreae
Personal details
Born	7 March 1888 Groningen, Netherlands
Died	16 August 1978 (aged 90) Wassenaar, Netherlands
Nationality	Dutch

Jonkheer Alidius Warmoldus Lambertus Tjarda van Starkenborgh Stachouwer (7 March 1888 – 16 August 1978) was a Dutch nobleman and statesman, primarily noted for being the last colonial Governor-General of the Netherlands East Indies, now Indonesia. He was taken captive after accepting Japan's demands for an unconditional surrender of the islands on 9 March 1942.^[1]

Early life

He joined the diplomatic service in 1915. Prior to World War II, he was Queen's Commissioner in Groningen (1925–33) and envoy to Brussels (1933–36).

On 16 September 1936, he became Governor-General of the Netherlands East Indies.

Second World War

Portrait of Tjarda van Starkenborgh Stachouwer as Governor-General.

When the Netherlands surrendered to Germany on 14 May 1940, Jhr. van Starkenborgh declared martial law in the Dutch East Indies, ordering 19 German cargo ships to be seized and all German nationals to be interned pending the liberation of the Netherlands.^[2]

In December 1941, when Japan began operations in the Pacific, there were 93,000 Dutch troops and 5,000 American and British soldiers to defend against an invasion of the Netherlands East Indies.

By 15 February, Japanese bombers were attacking the capital at Batavia (now Jakarta) and government operations were removed to Bandoeng. On Sunday, 8 March, Lt. Gen. Hitoshi Imamura met with van Starkenborgh and set a deadline for an unconditional surrender. Jhr. van Starkenborgh ordered the Dutch and Allied troops to cease fire in a broadcast the next day, and the Allied forces surrendered at 1:00 p.m.^[3]

Tjarda van Starkenborgh, his family, and other Dutch government and military personnel were taken prisoner. While the Japanese offered him to stay at his home under house arrest and receive special treatment he refused. He was separated from his wife, Christine,^[4] and daughters, who were interned in a different POW camp.

Later, he was transferred to the Manchurian camp at Hsien (now Liaoyuan), where he was held along with other prominent prisoners, including General Jonathan M. Wainwright, until the camp was liberated on 16 August 1945.^[5]

Post-war life

Jhr. van Starkenborgh returned to the Netherlands with his family, but declined a request from Queen Wilhelmina to serve as Governor-General, in that the Queen had pledged self-government to Indonesia in 1942. He resigned effective 16 October 1945. Instead, he became the Dutch Ambassador to France (1945–48) and was then the Dutch Representative to NATO (1950–56).

After his retirement he settled a long-standing argument on canal links with Belgium in negotiations during 1963–66. With Gerbrandy and Beel, he formed an advisory committee on the Greet Hofmans affair.

References

1. "Dutch at Java Pledge to 'Fight on to the Death'", The Lowell Sun, 9 March 1942, p. 1
2. "Dutch Indies on War Basis," Oakland Tribune, 10 May 1940, p. D-15
3. "Americans Surrender", The Lowell Sun, 9 March 1942, p. 1
4. "TJARDA OF STARKENBORGH STACHOUWER, jhr." (in Dutch). www.inghist.nl. Retrieved 7 July 2009.
5. "Parachutists Rescue Wainwright From Enemy Prison Camp," Fresno Bee Republican, 20 August 1945, p1