ATTO dyes
| Dye | Abs (nm) | Em (nm) | ε (M−1cm−1) | QY |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ATTO 390 | 390 | 479 | 24,000 | 90 |
| ATTO 425 | 436 | 484 | 45,000 | 90 |
| ATTO 465 | 453 | 508 | 75,000 | 55 |
| ATTO 488 | 501 | 523 | 90,000 | 80 |
| ATTO 495 | 495 | 527 | 80,000 | 45 |
| ATTO 520 | 516 | 538 | 110,000 | 90 |
| ATTO 532 | 532 | 553 | 115,000 | 90 |
| ATTO 550 | 554 | 576 | 120,000 | 80 |
| ATTO 565 | 563 | 592 | 120,000 | 90 |
| ATTO 590 | 594 | 624 | 120,000 | 80 |
| ATTO 594 | 601 | 627 | 120,000 | 85 |
| ATTO 610 | 615 | 634 | 150,000 | 70 |
| ATTO 611X | 611 | 681 | 100,000 | 35 |
| ATTO 620 | 619 | 643 | 120,000 | 50 |
| ATTO 633 | 629 | 657 | 130,000 | 64 |
| ATTO 635 | 635 | 659 | 120,000 | 25 |
| ATTO 637 | 635 | 659 | 120,000 | 25 |
| ATTO 647 | 645 | 669 | 120,000 | 20 |
| ATTO 647N | 644 | 669 | 150,000 | 65 |
| ATTO 655 | 663 | 684 | 125,000 | 30 |
| ATTO 665 | 663 | 684 | 160,000 | 60 |
| ATTO 680 | 680 | 700 | 125,000 | 30 |
| ATTO 700 | 700 | 719 | 120,000 | 25 |
| ATTO 725 | 729 | 752 | 120,000 | 10 |
| ATTO 740 | 740 | 764 | 120,000 | 10 |
| Abs = absorption maximum#, Em = emission maximum#, ε = molar extinction coefficient, QY = fluorescence Quantum Yield# # in water | ||||
ATTO Dyes are a series of fluorescent labels and dyes manufactured by ATTO-TEC GmbH in Siegen, Germany. The dyes have been designed for application in the area of life science, e.g. labeling of DNA, RNA and proteins as well as analytical applications, in particular fluorescence microscopy.
The ATTO Dye series covers a spectral range from 390 nm in the UV up to 740 nm in the near infrared allowing excitation with most commonly used light sources. The dyes typically are derivatives of coumarins, rhodamines, carbopyronins and oxazines. They are commercially available as free carboxylic acids, amine reactive N-hydroxy-succinimidyl-esters (NHS-ester) or thiol reactive maleimides.
Many common fluorescent labels, e.g. Fluorescein (FITC), show rather low photostability. As a result, sensitivity and quality of imaging are limited if high-intensity laser excitation is used and processes are to be observed over long periods of time. This is a serious draw-back in microscopy and other techniques based on the confocal principle, e.g. in single-cell detection applications. In contrast to some widely used older dyes, the patented ATTO-labels are designed to be much more stable under prolonged irradiation.
Compared with other labels especially for the red region of the spectrum, ATTO-labels show excellent photostability and brightness. ATTO 647N fluoresces twice as strong as Cy5 in aqueous solution.[1]
In addition many common fluorescent labels especially cyanine dyes like Cy5 deteriorate even without any irradiation (in the dark), in particular when exposed to small concentrations of ozone present in the laboratory atmosphere.[2] Under identical conditions of ozone exposure the new dyes ATTO 633, ATTO 647N and ATTO 655 last up to 100 times longer than cyanines like Cy5 and Alexa Fluor 647.[3][4] This is very important in microarray applications, where the dye molecules are located at the surface and thus are in direct contact with the atmosphere.
Similar lines of fluorescent dyes provide an alternative to the Atto Dyes (see also the list in Category:Fluorescent dyes).
References
- ↑ ATTO-TEC Catalogue 2009/2010 p.17
- ↑ Fare TL, Coffey EM, Hongyue D, et al. Effects of Atmospheric Ozone on Microarray Data Quality. Analytical Chemistry. 2003;75:4672-4675.
- ↑ ATTO-TEC Catalogue 2009/2010 p.16
- ↑ BioFiles Volume 2, Number 5, 2007