AZGP1

Alpha-2-glycoprotein 1, zinc-binding
PDB rendering based on 1t7v.
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB List of PDB id codes 1T7V​, 1T7W​, 1T7X​, 1T7Y​, 1T7Z​, 1T80​, 1ZAG​, 3ES6​
Identifiers
Symbols	AZGP1 ; ZA2G; ZAG
External IDs	OMIM: 194460 MGI: 103163 HomoloGene: 915 GeneCards: AZGP1 Gene
Gene ontology Molecular function • glycoprotein binding • ribonuclease activity • protein binding • protein transmembrane transporter activity • peptide antigen binding Cellular component • extracellular region • extracellular space • nucleus • plasma membrane • MHC class I protein complex • extracellular exosome Biological process • detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of bitter taste • retina homeostasis • antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I • immune response • cell adhesion • negative regulation of cell proliferation • transmembrane transport • protein transmembrane transport • RNA phosphodiester bond hydrolysis Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	563	12007
Ensembl	ENSG00000160862	ENSMUSG00000037053
UniProt	P25311	Q64726
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001185	NM_013478
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001176	NP_038506
Location (UCSC)	Chr 7: 99.97 – 99.98 Mb	Chr 5: 137.98 – 137.99 Mb
PubMed search

Zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AZGP1 gene.^[1][2]

This gene expresses a soluble protein that stimulates lipolysis, induces a reduction in body fat in mice, is associated with the cachexia related to cancer, and is known to be expressed in secretory cells of lung epithelium.^[3] In 2009, it was found that smoking increases expression of this gene, which is why smoking cessation leads to weight gain.^[3] Zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein levels also rise with onset of Diabetes 2, which accounts for weight loss thereafter.

References

1. Ueyama H, Niwa M, Tada T, Sasaki M, Ohkubo I (Jul 1991). "Cloning and nucleotide sequence of a human Zn-alpha 2-glycoprotein cDNA and chromosomal assignment of its gene". Biochem Biophys Res Commun 177 (2): 696–703. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(91)91844-3. PMID 2049092.
2. "Entrez Gene: AZGP1 alpha-2-glycoprotein 1, zinc-binding".
3. Vanni, H; Kazeros, A; Wang, R; Harvey, BG; Ferris, B; De, BP; Carolan, BJ; Hübner, RH; et al. (2009). "Cigarette Smoking Induces Overexpression of a Fat-Depleting Gene AZGP1 in the Human". Chest 135 (5): 1197–208. doi:10.1378/chest.08-1024. PMC 2679098. PMID 19188554.

Further reading

• Freije JP, Fueyo A, Uría J, López-Otín C (1991). "Human Zn-alpha 2-glycoprotein cDNA cloning and expression analysis in benign and malignant breast tissues.". FEBS Lett. 290 (1–2): 247–9. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(91)81271-9. PMID 1915885.
• Tada T, Ohkubo I, Niwa M; et al. (1991). "Immunohistochemical localization of Zn-alpha 2-glycoprotein in normal human tissues". J. Histochem. Cytochem. 39 (9): 1221–6. doi:10.1177/39.9.1918940. PMID 1918940.
• Araki T, Gejyo F, Takagaki K; et al. (1988). "Complete amino acid sequence of human plasma Zn-alpha 2-glycoprotein and its homology to histocompatibility antigens". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85 (3): 679–83. doi:10.1073/pnas.85.3.679. PMC 279618. PMID 3422450.
• Shibata S, Miura K (1982). "Nephritogenic glycoprotein. IX. Plasma Zn-alpha2-glycoprotein as a second source of nephritogenic glycoprotein in urine". Nephron 31 (2): 170–6. doi:10.1159/000182638. PMID 6896906.
• Ueyama H, Deng HX, Ohkubo I (1994). "Molecular cloning and chromosomal assignment of the gene for human Zn-alpha 2-glycoprotein". Biochemistry 32 (48): 12968–76. doi:10.1021/bi00211a004. PMID 8241150.
• Freije JP, Fueyo A, Uría JA; et al. (1994). "Human Zn-alpha 2-glycoprotein: complete genomic sequence, identification of a related pseudogene and relationship to class I major histocompatibility complex genes". Genomics 18 (3): 575–87. doi:10.1016/S0888-7543(05)80359-3. PMID 8307568.
• Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB (1997). "Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery". Genome Res. 6 (9): 791–806. doi:10.1101/gr.6.9.791. PMID 8889548.
• Sánchez LM, López-Otín C, Bjorkman PJ (1997). "Biochemical characterization and crystalization of human Zn-alpha2-glycoprotein, a soluble class I major histocompatibility complex homolog". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 (9): 4626–30. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.9.4626. PMC 20774. PMID 9114041.
• Brysk MM, Lei G, Rajaraman S; et al. (1997). "Gene expression of zinc-alpha 2-glycoprotein in normal human epidermal and buccal epithelia". In Vivo 11 (3): 271–4. PMID 9239523.
• Lei G, Arany I, Selvanayagam P; et al. (1997). "Detection and cloning of epidermal zinc-alpha 2-glycoprotein cDNA and expression in normal human skin and in tumors". J. Cell. Biochem. 67 (2): 216–22. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4644(19971101)67:2<216::AID-JCB6>3.0.CO;2-#. PMID 9328826.
• Ogikubo O, Maeda T, Yamane T; et al. (1998). "Regulation of Zn-alpha2-glycoprotein-mediated cell adhesion by kininogens and their derivatives". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 252 (1): 257–62. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1998.9614. PMID 9813179.
• Sánchez LM, Chirino AJ, Bjorkman P (1999). "Crystal structure of human ZAG, a fat-depleting factor related to MHC molecules". Science 283 (5409): 1914–9. doi:10.1126/science.283.5409.1914. PMID 10206894.
• Lei G, Brysk H, Arany I; et al. (1999). "Characterization of zinc-alpha(2)-glycoprotein as a cell adhesion molecule that inhibits the proliferation of an oral tumor cell line". J. Cell. Biochem. 75 (1): 160–9. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4644(19991001)75:1<160::AID-JCB16>3.0.CO;2-B. PMID 10462714.
• Davidsson P, Nilsson CL (2000). "Peptide mapping of proteins in cerebrospinal fluid utilizing a rapid preparative two-dimensional electrophoretic procedure and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry". Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1473 (2–3): 391–9. doi:10.1016/s0304-4165(99)00197-x. PMID 10594376.
• Kennedy MW, Heikema AP, Cooper A; et al. (2001). "Hydrophobic ligand binding by Zn-alpha 2-glycoprotein, a soluble fat-depleting factor related to major histocompatibility complex proteins". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (37): 35008–13. doi:10.1074/jbc.C100301200. PMID 11425849.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH; et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
• Scherer SW, Cheung J, MacDonald JR; et al. (2003). "Human chromosome 7: DNA sequence and biology". Science 300 (5620): 767–72. doi:10.1126/science.1083423. PMC 2882961. PMID 12690205.
• Hillier LW, Fulton RS, Fulton LA; et al. (2003). "The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7". Nature 424 (6945): 157–64. doi:10.1038/nature01782. PMID 12853948.
• BURGI W, SCHMID K (1998). "Preparation and properties of Zn-alpha 2-glycoprotein of normal human plasma". J. Biol. Chem. 236: 1066–74. PMID 13689030.