Acámbaro figures

The Acámbaro figures are several thousand small ceramic figurines allegedly found by Waldemar Julsrud in July 1944, in the Mexican city of Acámbaro, Guanajuato. The figurines are said by some to resemble dinosaurs and are sometimes cited as anachronisms. Some young-Earth creationists have adduced the existence of figurines as credible evidence for the coexistence of dinosaurs and humans, in an attempt to cast doubt on scientific dating methods and potentially offer support for a literal interpretation of the Genesis creation narrative.^[1]

However, there is no known reliable evidence for the validity of the Acámbaro figures as actual ancient artifacts; and many have questioned the motives of those who argue for their validity.^[2]

History

The Acámbaro figures were uncovered by a German immigrant and hardware merchant named Waldemar Julsrud. According to Dennis Swift, a young-Earth creationist and major proponent of the figures, Julsrud stumbled upon the figures while riding his horse and hired a local farmer to dig up the remaining figures, paying him for each figure he brought back. Eventually, the farmer and his assistants brought him over 32,000 figures which included representations of everything from the supposed dinosaurs to peoples from all over the world including Egyptians, Sumerians, and "bearded Caucasians".^[1]

The figures attracted little attention from scholars and scientists, and when Julsrud began to assert that they were accurate representations of dinosaurs created by an ancient society, he only alienated himself further from serious scientific investigation. Tabloids and popular media sources covered the story, however, and the figures steadily became somewhat famous.

Archaeologist Charles C. Di Peso was working for the Amerind Foundation, an anthropological organization dedicated to preserving Native American culture. Di Peso examined the figures and determined that they were not authentic, and had instead been produced by local modern-day farmers.^[3][4]

He concluded that the figurines were indeed fakes: their surfaces displayed no signs of age; no dirt was packed into their crevices; and though some figurines were broken, no pieces were missing and no broken surfaces were worn. Furthermore, the excavation’s stratigraphy clearly showed that the artifacts were placed in a recently dug hole filled with a mixture of the surrounding archaeological layers. DiPeso also learned that a local family had been making and selling these figurines to Julsrud for a peso apiece since 1944, presumably inspired by films shown at Acámbaro’s cinema, locally available comic books and newspapers, and accessible day trips to Mexico City’s Museo Nacional.^[5]

Others, however, argued that Di Peso could not have conducted a thorough investigation in the four hours he spent at Julsrud's home.^[6] Charles Hapgood, pioneer of pole shift theory, became one of the figures' most high profile and devout supporters.^[7] Other supporters included Earle Stanley Gardner, the prolific novelist and creator of the character Perry Mason, who came to Julsrud’s defence, claiming that the 32,000 figures could not possibly have been produced by a single person or group of people and that the figures were not a hoax.

The figures continue to draw attention in the present day. They have been cited in some pseudoscientific books such as Atlantis Rising by David Lewis. Another young-Earth creationist, Don Patten, has emerged as their staunchest supporter. He has proposed some new lines of evidence, including the figure’s resemblance to the dinosaurs depicted in Robert Bakker’s book, Dinosaur Heresies.^[8]

Dating

Attempts have been made to date the figures using thermoluminescence (TL) dating. The earliest results, from tests done when TL dating was in its infancy, suggested a date around 2500 BC.^[5] However, later tests contradicted these findings. In 1976, Gary W. Carriveau and Mark C. Han attempted to date twenty Acámbaro figures using TL dating. They found that the figures had been fired at temperatures between 450 °C and 650 °C, which contradicted claims that these figures had been fired at temperatures too low for them to be accurately dated. However, all of the samples failed the "plateau test", which indicated that dates obtained for the Acámbaro figures using standard high-temperature TL dating techniques were unreliable and lacked any chronological significance. Based on the degree of signal regeneration found in remeasured samples, they estimated that the figures tested had been fired approximately 30 years prior to 1969.^[9]

See also

• Ica stones
• Out-of-place artifact

References

1. "The Dinosaur Figurines Of Acambaro, Mexico". The Interactive Bible. 2003-07-27. Archived from the original on 14 December 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-19.
2. Isaak, M. (2007). The Counter-Creationism Handbook. University of California Press, Berkeley, California. p. 362. ISBN 978-0-520-24926-4
3. DiPeso, C.C. (1953). "The Clay Figurines of Acambaro, Guanajuato, Mexico". American Antiquity. 18(4):388-389.
4. DiPeso, C.C. (1953). "The Clay Monsters of Acambaro". Archaeology. 6(2):111-114.
5. Pezatti, Alex (2005). "Mystery at Acámbaro, Mexico". Expedition Magazine. 47(3):7-8. University of Pennsylvania Museum.
6. Childress, David Hatcher (1993). Lost Cities of North & Central America. Stelle, Illinois: Adventures Unlimited Press. p. 209. ISBN 0932813097.
7. Hapgood, Charles (2000). Mystery in Acambaro: Did Dinosaurs Survive Until Recently?. Adventures Unlimited Press. ISBN 0-932813-76-3.
8. Blanton, John (October 1999). "The Acambaro dinosaurs". Newsletter of The North Texas Skeptics 13 (10). Archived from the original on 27 December 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-19.
9. Carriveau, G. W.; Han, M. C. (1976). "Thermoluminescent Dating and the Monsters of Acambaro". American Antiquity. 41(4):497-500.

External links

• Acámbaro figures and the Julsrud Museum at Municipality of Acámbaro official page.