Acyclic diene metathesis

Acyclic diene metathesis or ADMET is a special type of olefin metathesis used to polymerize terminal dienes to polyenes:

The new double bonds formed can be in cis- or trans-configuration, the exact ratio depends on the monomer and catalyst structures.

It is a type of step-growth, condensation polymerization whereas the other metathesis polymerization reaction, ring-opening metathesis polymerization is a chain-growth, addition polymerization.[1] ADMET is driven by the release of volatile ethylene gas (ring-opening metathesis polymerization is driven by the release of ring-strain).

While the concept of ADMET had been discussed in the scientific literature since the 1970s, the first successful ADMET polymerization was reported by the Wagener group in 1991.[2] In this report, 1,5-hexadiene and 1,9-decadiene were polymerized to 1,4-polybutadiene and poly(octenylene), respectively. The polybutadiene had a weight average molar mass (Mw) of 28,000 with over 70% trans double bonds. The poly(octenylene) had an Mw of 108,000 with over 90% trans double bonds.

ADMET has been applied in the synthesis of interesting polymers. Because of the higher degree of control in ADMET than in traditional radical polymerizations, it has been used to synthesize model polymers that would otherwise be difficult to prepare. Examples include purely linear polyethylene, alternating and block copolymers of ethylene with various other vinyl monomers, chiral polymers and polymers with embedded amino acids.[3] The high functional group tolerance of ruthenium-catalyzed ADMET has been applied in the synthesis of new supramolecular structures.[4]


References

  1. ↑ Mutlu, H.; Montero de Espinosa, L.; Meier, M.A.R. (2011). "Acyclic diene metathesis: a versatile tool for the construction of defined polymer architectures". Chemical Society Reviews 40: 1404–1445. doi:10.1039/B924852H.
  2. ↑ Wagener, K.B.; Boncella, J.M.; Nel, J.G. (1991). "Acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization". Macromolecules 24 (10): 2649–2657. Bibcode:1991MaMol..24.2649W. doi:10.1021/ma00010a001.
  3. ↑ Baughman, T.M.; Wagener, K.B. (2005). "Recent Advances in ADMET Polymerization". Advances in Polymer Science 176: 1–42. doi:10.1007/b101318.
  4. ↑ Hou, H.; Leung, K.C.-F.; Lanari, D.; Nelson, A.; Stoddart, J.F.; Grubbs, R.H. (2006). "Template-Directed One-Step Synthesis of Cyclic Trimers by ADMET". Journal of the American Chemical Society 128 (48): 15358–15359. doi:10.1021/ja065572j.


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