Adenophora

ladybells
Adenophora sp.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Asterids
Order:	Asterales
Family:	Campanulaceae
Genus:	Adenophora Fisch.
Synonyms[1]
Floerkea Spreng. 1818, illegitimate homonym, not Willd. 1801 nor Raf. 1808

Adenophora is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, the bellflowers. Plants of this genus are known commonly as ladybells.^[2] Most are native to eastern Asia, with a few in Europe. Many are endemic to either China or Siberia.^[1][3]

Description

These plants are perennial herbs, often with thick, fleshy roots. The stem usually grows erect from a caudex. There are usually several basal leaves borne on long petioles. The leaves on the stem are alternately arranged in most species. Flowers are solitary or borne in cymes. The corolla of the flower is bell-shaped, funnel-shaped, or tubular, with five lobes.^[3] The corollas of most species are blue.^[2] There is a characteristic nectar disc at the base of the stamens.^[3]

Diversity

There are about 62 species in the genus.^[3]

Species include:^[1][3][4]

Adenophora nikoensis

Adenophora triphylla var. japonica

1. Adenophora amurica - Heilongjiang
2. Adenophora brevidiscifera - Sichuan
3. Adenophora capillaris - Chongqing, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan
4. Adenophora changaica - Mongolia
5. Adenophora coelestis - Sichuan, Yunnan
6. Adenophora contracta - Liaoning, Inner Mongolia
7. Adenophora cordifolia - Henan
8. Adenophora divaricata - Honshu, Shikoku, Korea, Amur, Primorye, Khabarovsk, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong, Shanxi
9. Adenophora elata - Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi
10. Adenophora erecta^[5] - Ulleungdo Island
11. Adenophora fusifolia - South Korea
12. Adenophora gmelinii - Buryatiya, Chita, Amur, Primorye, Mongolia, Korea, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi
13. Adenophora golubinzevaeana - Krasnoyarsk
14. Adenophora grandiflora - Korea
15. Adenophora hatsushimae - Kyushu
16. Adenophora himalayana - Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Tibet, Nepal, northern India, Xinjiang, Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan
17. Adenophora hubeiensis - Hubei
18. Adenophora × izuensis - Honshu
19. Adenophora jacutica - Yakutiya
20. Adenophora jasionifolia - Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan
21. Adenophora kayasanensis - Korea
22. Adenophora khasiana (syn. A. bulleyana) - Assam, Bhutan, Myanmar, Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan
23. Adenophora koreana - Korea
24. Adenophora lamarckii - Irkutsk, Altai, Kazakhstan, Xinjiang, Mongolia, Korea
25. Adenophora lilifolia - central and eastern Europe (Germany, Switzerland, Italy, etc.) east to Xinjiang
26. Adenophora liliifolioides - Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Tibet
27. Adenophora lobophylla - Sichuan
28. Adenophora longipedicellata - Chongqing, Guizhou, W Hubei, Sichuan
29. Adenophora maximowicziana - Shikoku
30. Adenophora micrantha - Inner Mongolia
31. Adenophora morrisonensis - Taiwan
32. Adenophora nikoensis - Honshu
33. Adenophora ningxianica^[6] - Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia
34. Adenophora palustris - Jilin, Korea, Honshu
35. Adenophora pereskiifolia - Mongolia, Japan, Korea, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Amur, Kuril Islands, Primorye, Khabarovsk, Chita, Buryatiya
36. Adenophora petiolata - Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang
37. Adenophora pinifolia - Liaoning
38. Adenophora polyantha - Korea, Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi
39. Adenophora potaninii - Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan
40. Adenophora probatovae - Primorye
41. Adenophora racemosa - Korea
42. Adenophora remotidens - Korea
43. Adenophora remotiflora - Primorye, Japan, Korea, Manchuria
44. Adenophora rupestris - Irkutsk
45. Adenophora rupincola - Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan
46. Adenophora sajanensis - Krasnoyarsk
47. Adenophora sinensis - Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Hunan, Jiangxi
48. Adenophora stenanthina - Mongolia, Gansu, Hebei, Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Altai, Amur, Irkutsk, Chita, Buryatiya, Tuva
49. Adenophora stenophylla - Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, Manchuria
50. Adenophora stricta - Korea, Japan, Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang
51. Adenophora sublata - Primorye, Khabarovsk
52. Adenophora takedae - Honshu
53. Adenophora taquetii - Korea
54. Adenophora tashiroi - Fukue Island, Jeju-do Island
55. Adenophora taurica - Crimea
56. Adenophora trachelioides - Anhui, Hebei, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Shandong, Zhejiang
57. Adenophora tricuspidata - Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, much of Asiatic Russia
58. Adenophora triphylla - giant bellflower - Korea, Japan, Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, Laos, Vietnam, Russian Far East, Siberia
59. Adenophora uryuensis - Hokkaido
60. Adenophora wilsonii - Chongqing, Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan
61. Adenophora wulingshanica - Beijing
62. Adenophora xifengensis - Gansu

Uses

Many Adenophora species have been used in traditional Chinese medicine.^[7]

References

1. Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
2. Perry, L. Perennial Plant Feature: Ladybells. Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Vermont Extension
3. 沙参属 sha shen shu Adenophora. Flora of China.
4. GRIN Species Records of Adenophora. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).
5. Lee, S., et al. (1997). A new species of Adenophora (Campanulaceae) from Korea. Journal of Plant Research 110(1) 77-80.
6. Song, G. and H. De-yuan. (1999). A new species of Chinese Adenophora (Campanulaceae). Novon 9(1) 46.
7. YouLi, H. (2010). Resource and utilization of medicinal plant of the genus Adenophora in Qinling Mountains. Medicinal Plant 1(12) 3-6.