Administrative divisions of Serbia in the Middle Ages

Serbian Principality and Principality of Duklja

The Byzantine Empire called the lands of the South Slavs "Sclaviniaes" (from the Sclaveni, the Southwestern branch), and they were initially outside Imperial control. By the second half of the 7th century, most of the Slavs in proximity to Byzantium had recognized the Emperor's supreme rule.

The prince (archon) that led the Serbs to the Balkans and received the protection of Heraclius (r. 610–641), known conventionally as the Unknown Archont, was an ancestor of the Vlastimirović dynasty.^[1] The Serbs at that time were organized into župe, a confederation of village communities (roughly the equivalent of a county),^[2] headed by a local župan (a magistrate or governor).^[3] According to Fine, the governorship was hereditary, and the župan reported to the Serbian prince, whom they were obliged to aid in war.^[4] Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus (r. 913–959) mentions that the Serbian throne is inherited by the son, i.e. the first-born,^[1] though in one occasion there is a triumvirate in his enumeration of monarchs.^[5][6]

Višeslav, the first Serbian monarch known by name, was a contemporary with Charlemagne (fl. 768–814). He directly held the hereditary lands of Neretva, Tara, Piva and Lim.^[7][8] Radoslav, then Prosigoj, succeeded Višeslav, and they ruled during the revolt of Ljudevit Posavski against the Franks (819–822). According to the Royal Frankish Annals, written in 822, Ljudevit went from his seat at Sisak to the Serbs somewhere in western Bosnia, who controlled the greater part of Dalmatia.^[9][10]

The Serbs established several future principalities by the 10th century: Serbia (roughly the later province of Rascia, including Bosnia; part of Zagorje - "hinterlands"); and Pagania, Zachlumia, Travunia (including Kanalitai) and Dioclea (part of Pomorje - "maritime").^[11][12]

Division	Notes
Serbia/Rascia (Raška)	Stari Ras
Bosnia (part of Serbia) (Bosna)	Vrhbosna
Travunia (Travunija)^[a]	"From the city of Decatera begins the domain of Terbounia and stretches along as far as Ragusa, and on the side of its mountain country it is neighbour to Serbia." "Travunia (Terbounia) and Konavli are united. Its inhabitants originate from the unbaptized Serbs, who lived there since the archont that fled from White Serbia to Emperor Heraclius" "The archonts of Travunia have always been subject to the archont of Serbia" "Populated cities in Travunia and Konavli are: Travunia (η Τερβουνια), Vrm (το Ορμος), Risan (τα Ρισενα), Lukavete (το Λουκαβεται), Zetlivi (του Ζετλεβε)."
Doclea (Duklja)	Duklja
Pagania (Paganija)	Omiš
Zachlumia (Zahumlje)	"From Ragusa begins the domain of the Zachlumi (Ζαχλοῦμοι) and stretches along as far as the river Orontius; and on the side of the coast it is neighbour to the Pagani, but on the side of the mountain country it is neighbour to the Croats on the north and to Serbia at the front." "The Zahumljani (Захумљани) that now live there are Serbs, originating from the time of the prince (archont) who fled to emperor Heraclius" "The land of the Zahumljani comprise the following cities: Ston (το Σταγνον / to Stagnon), Mokriskik (το Μοκρισκικ), Josli (το Ιοσλε / to Iosle), Galumainik (το Γαλυμαενικ / to Galumaenik), Dobriskik (το Δοβρισκικ / to Dovriskik)"[13]
Hinterland (Zagorje)  ·       Maritime (Pomorje)

Serbian Grand Principality

• Luška
• Budva
• Onogošt
• Oblik
• Ribnica
• Ston
• Popovo
• Dubrava
• Luka
• Dabar
• Žapska
• Gorička
• Večenik
• Trebinje
• Urmo
• Konavlje
• Risan
• Rudina
• Ras
• Drina
• Patkovo
• Hvosno
• Podrimlje
• Toplica
• Ibar
• Rasina
• West Morava
• Dubočica
• Kostrc
• Draškovina
• Sitnica
• Lab
• Lipljan
• Glbočica
• Reke
• Uska
• Pomoravlje
• Zagrlata
• Levče
• Belica
• Lim
• Kujavča
• Zatrnava
• Raban
• Pilot

References

1. Živković 2006, p. 11
2. Fine 1991, p. 304
3. Evans 2007, p. xxi
4. Fine 1991, p. 225
5. Živković 2006, p. 21
6. Fine 1991, p. 141
7. Mijatovic 2007, p. 3
8. Cuddon 1986, p. 454
9. Einhard, year 822
10. Ćorović 2001, ch. 2, II
11. Fine 1991, pp. 53, 225
12. Forbes 2004, p. 59
13. Moravcsik 1967, p. 145

Primary sources

• Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus (1993). De Administrando Imperio (Moravcsik, Gyula ed.). Washington D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies.
• Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus (1830). De Ceremoniis (Reisky, J. ed.). Washington D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies.
• Einhard. Annales regni Francorum [Royal Frankish Annals] (in Latin).

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• Carter, Francis W. (1977). An historical geography of the Balkans.
• Ćorović, Vladimir (2001). Istorija srpskog naroda (Internet ed.). Belgrade: Ars Libri.
• Ćirković, Sima M. (2004). The Serbs. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-20471-7.
• Cuddon, John Anthony (1986). The companion guide to Jugoslavia. Collins. ISBN 0-00-217045-0.
• Evans, Arthur (2007). Through Bosnia and the Herzegovina on Foot During the Insurrection, August and September 1875. Cosimo, Inc. ISBN 1-60206-270-6.
• Ferjančić, Božidar (1997). "Basile I et la restauration du pouvoir byzantin au IXème siècle" [Vasilije I i obnova vizantijske vlasti u IX veku]. Zbornik radova Vizantološkog instituta (in French) (Belgrade) (36): 9–30.
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• Mijatovic, Cedomilj (2007) [1908]. Servia and the Servians. Cosimo, Inc. ISBN 1-60520-005-0.
• Runciman, Steven (1930). A history of the First Bulgarian Empire. London: G. Bell & Sons.
• Slijepčević, Đoko M. (1958). The Macedonian question:the struggle for southern Serbia. American Institute for Balkan Affairs.
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