Admiral of the Fleet (Royal Navy)

Admiral of the Fleet
Insignia shoulder board for Admiral of the Navy.
The flag of an admiral of the Fleet is the Union Flag, and is in 1:2 rather than the 2:3 of other admirals' flags.[1]
Allegiance	United Kingdom
Service branch	Royal Navy
Rank	Five-star
NATO rank	OF-10
Non-NATO rank	O-11
Formation	1690
Next lower rank	Admiral
Equivalent ranks	Field marshal (British Army) Marshal of the Royal Air Force (RAF)

Common military ranks in English
Navies	Armies	Air forces
Flags & Commissioned officers
Admiral of the fleet	Marshal or Field marshal	Marshal of the air force
Admiral	General	Air chief marshal
Vice admiral	Lieutenant general	Air marshal
Rear admiral	Major general	Air vice-marshal
Commodore	Brigadier or Brigadier general	Air commodore
Captain	Colonel	Group captain
Commander	Lieutenant colonel	Wing commander
Lieutenant commander	Major or Commandant	Squadron leader
Lieutenant	Captain	Flight lieutenant
Sub-lieutenant	Lieutenant or First lieutenant	Flying officer
Ensign	Second lieutenant	Pilot officer
Midshipman	Officer cadet	Officer cadet
Officer candidate	Officer candidate	Officer candidate
Warrant & Enlisted grades
Warrant officer or Chief petty officer	Warrant officer or Sergeant major	Warrant officer
Petty officer	Sergeant	Sergeant
Leading seaman	Corporal	Corporal
Seaman	Private	Aircraftman

Sleeve lace

The Admiral of the Fleet is a five-star naval officer rank and the highest rank of the British Royal Navy. The five-star NATO rank code is OF-10, although routine appointments ceased in 1995. The rank of Admiral of the Fleet is equivalent to a field marshal in the British Army or a marshal of the Royal Air Force.

History in Royal Navy

The rank evolved from sailing days and the admiral distinctions then used by the Royal Navy when the fleet was divided into three divisions – red, white, or blue. Each division was assigned an admiral, who in turn commanded a vice-admiral and a rear admiral. In the 18th century, the original nine ranks began to be filled by more than one person at any one time. The admiral of the red was pre-eminent and became known as the admiral of the fleet.^[2]

The organisation of the British fleet into coloured squadrons was abandoned in 1864, although the Royal Navy kept the White Ensign. When the professional head of the Royal Navy was given the title of First Naval Lord in 1828 (renamed First Sea Lord in 1904), the rank of admiral of the fleet became an honorary promotion for retiring First Naval Lords allowing more than one admiral of the fleet to exist at one time.

Since 1811 five members of the British Royal family, other than the monarch, and four members of foreign royal families have been appointed admirals of the fleet. Of the British royalty granted the rank, only one, the Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII) had not seen service in the Royal Navy.

During the two World Wars a number of serving officers held active commissions as admirals of the fleet, as well as the First Naval Lord. Following the creation of the Chief of the Defence Staff in 1959, the five naval officers appointed to that position became admirals of the fleet. Recognizing the reduced post–Cold War size of the British Armed Forces, no further appointments were made to the rank after 1995 when Sir Benjamin Bathurst was appointed admiral of the fleet on his retirement as First Sea Lord. However, the rank was not abolished and in 2012 the Prince of Wales became an honorary admiral of the fleet (as well as field marshal and marshal of the Royal Air Force), in recognition of his support to Queen Elizabeth II in her role of as Commander-in-Chief of the British Armed Forces. In 2014, Lord Boyce, a former First Sea Lord and Chief of the Defence Staff, was also appointed an honorary admiral of the fleet.^[3]

Admirals of the Fleet

Appointed	Image	Name	Born	Died	Notes	Reference
1690		Russell, EdwardEdward Russell (later Earl of Orford)	1652	1727		[4]
1696		Rooke, Sir GeorgeSir George Rooke	1650	1709	circa	[5]
13 January 1705		Shovell, Sir CloudesleySir Cloudesley Shovell	1650	1707		[6]
8 January 1708		Sir John Leake	1656	1720		[7]
21 December 1708		Sir Stafford Fairborne	1666	1742	circa	[8]
12 November 1709		Sir Matthew Aylmer	1650	1720		[9]
14 March 1718		Sir George Byng (later Viscount Torrington)	1663	1733		[10]
20 February 1734		Sir John Norris	1670	1749		[11]
1 July 1749		Sir Chaloner Ogle	1681	1750		[12]
22 November 1751		James Steuart	1690	1757		[13]
March 1757		The Hon. George Clinton	1686	1761		[14]
30 July 1761		The Lord Anson	1697	1762		[15]
17 December 1762		Sir William Rowley	1690	1768	circa	[16]
15 January 1768		Sir Edward Hawke (later Lord Hawke)	1705	1781		[17]
24 October 1781		The Hon. John Forbes	1714	1796		[18]
12 March 1796		The Earl Howe	1726	1799		[19]
16 September 1799		Sir Peter Parker	1721	1811		[20]
24 December 1811		The Duke of Clarence and St Andrews (later King William IV)	1765	1837		[21]
19 July 1821		The Earl of St Vincent	1735	1823	acting from May 1814	[22]
28 June 1830		William Williams-Freeman	1742	1832		[23]
22 July 1830		The Lord Gambier	1756	1833		[24]
22 July 1830		Sir Charles Pole	1757	1830		[25]
24 April 1833		Sir Charles Nugent	1759	1844		[26]
8 January 1844		Sir James Hawkins-Whitshed	1762	1849		[27]
9 November 1846		Sir George Martin	1764	1847		[28]
13 October 1849		Sir Thomas Byam Martin	1773	1854		[29]
1 July 1851		Sir George Cockburn	1772	1853		[30]
8 December 1857		Sir Charles Ogle	1775	1858		[31]
25 June 1858		Sir John West	1774	1862		[32]
20 May 1862		Sir William Gage	1777	1864		[33]
10 November 1862		Sir Graham Hamond	1779	1862		[34]
27 April 1863		Sir Francis Austen	1774	1865		[35]
27 April 1863		Sir William Parker	1781	1866		[36]
11 January 1864		Sir Lucius Curtis	1786	1869		[37]
12 September 1865		Sir Thomas Cochrane	1789	1872		[38]
30 November 1866		Sir George Seymour	1787	1870		[39]
30 January 1868		Sir James Gordon	1782	1869	on the Retired List	[40]
15 January 1869		Sir William Bowles	1780	1869		[41]
2 July 1869		Sir George Sartorius	1790	1885		[42]
21 January 1870		Sir Fairfax Moresby	1786	1877		[43]
20 October 1872		Sir Houston Stewart	1791	1875		[44]
11 December 1875		Sir Provo Wallis	1791	1892		[45]
22 January 1877		Sir Henry Codrington	1808	1877		[46]
5 August 1877		Sir Henry Keppel	1809	1904		[47]
27 December 1877		The Earl of Lauderdale	1803	1878		[48]
27 December 1877		Sir Rodney Mundy	1805	1884		[49]
15 June 1879		Sir James Hope	1808	1881		[50]
15 June 1879		Sir Thomas Symonds	1813	1894		[50]
10 June 1881		Sir Alexander Milne, Bt.	1806	1896	on the Retired List	[51]
1 December 1881		Sir Charles Elliot	1818	1895		[52]
29 April 1885		Sir Alfred Ryder	1820	1888		[53]
18 July 1887		The Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII)	1841	1910	honorary to non-Navy royalty	[54]
1 May 1888		Sir Geoffrey Hornby	1825	1895		[55]
8 December 1888		Lord John Hay	1827	1916		[56]
2 August 1889		HIM German Emperor William II	1859	1941	honorary, to foreign royalty	[57]
13 February 1892		Sir John Commerell	1829	1901		[58]
3 June 1893		The Duke of Edinburgh (later Duke Alfred of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha)	1844	1900		[59]
20 February 1895		The Earl of Clanwilliam	1832	1907		[60]
23 August 1897		Sir Algernon Lyons	1833	1908		[61]
29 November 1898		Sir Frederick Richards	1833	1912		[62]
13 January 1899		Sir Nowell Salmon	1835	1912		[63]
3 October 1902		Sir James Erskine	1838	1911		[64]
30 August 1903		Sir Charles Hotham	1843	1925		[65]
16 June 1904		Lord Walter Kerr	1839	1927		[66]
20 February 1905		Sir Edward Seymour	1840	1929		[67]
5 December 1905		Sir John Fisher (later Lord Fisher)	1841	1920		[68]
1 March 1907		Sir Arthur Wilson	1842	1921		[69]
11 June 1908		HIM Tsar Nicholas II of Russia	1868	1918	honorary, to foreign royalty	[70]
2 December 1908		Sir Gerard Noel	1845	1918		[71]
27 January 1910		Prince Heinrich of Prussia	1862	1929	honorary, to foreign royalty	[72]
30 April 1910		Sir Arthur Fanshawe	1847	1936		[73]
6 May 1910		King George V	1865	1936		[74]
20 March 1913		Sir William May	1849	1930		[75]
5 March 1915		The Honourable Sir Hedworth Meux	1856	1929		[76]
2 April 1917		Sir George Callaghan	1852	1920		[77]
3 April 1919		The Viscount Jellicoe (later Earl Jellicoe)	1859	1935		[78]
3 April 1919		Sir David Beatty (later Earl Beatty)	1871	1936		[79]
31 July 1919		Sir Henry Jackson	1855	1929		[80]
1 November 1919		Sir Rosslyn Wemyss (later Lord Wester Wemyss)	1864	1933		[81]
24 November 1920		Sir Cecil Burney, Bt.	1858	1929		[82]
5 July 1921		Sir Doveton Sturdee, Bt.	1859	1925		[83]
22 August 1921		The Marquess of Milford Haven	1854	1921	on the Retired List	[84]
31 July 1924		Sir Charles Madden, Bt.	1862	1935		[85]
8 May 1925		The Honourable Sir Somerset Gough-Calthorpe	1864	1937		[86]
24 November 1925		Sir John de Robeck, Bt.	1862	1928		[87]
21 January 1928		Sir Henry Oliver	1865	1965		[88]
31 July 1929		Sir Osmond Brock	1869	1947		[89]
8 May 1930		Sir Roger Keyes, Bt. (later Lord Keyes)	1872	1945		[90]
21 January 1933		Sir Frederick Field	1871	1945		[91]
31 July 1934		Sir Reginald Tyrwhitt, Bt.	1870	1951		[92]
8 May 1935		Sir Ernle Chatfield (later Lord Chatfield)	1873	1967		[93]
21 January 1936		King Edward VIII	1894	1972		[94]
12 July 1936		Sir John Kelly	1871	1936		[95]
11 December 1936		King George VI	1895	1952		[96]
21 January 1938		The Earl of Cork and Orrery	1873	1967		[97]
7 July 1939		Sir Roger Backhouse	1878	1939		[98]
31 July 1939		Sir Dudley Pound	1877	1943		[99]
8 May 1940		Sir Charles Forbes	1880	1960		[100]
21 January 1943		Sir Andrew Cunningham (later Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope)	1883	1963		[101]
22 October 1943		Sir John Tovey (later Lord Tovey)	1885	1971		[102]
8 May 1945		Sir James Somerville	1882	1949		[103]
21 January 1948		Sir John Cunningham	1885	1965		[104]
22 October 1948		The Lord Fraser of North Cape	1888	1981		[105]
20 March 1949		Sir Algernon Willis	1889	1976		[106]
22 April 1952		Sir Arthur Power	1889	1960		[107]
1 June 1952		Sir Philip Vian	1894	1968		[108]
15 January 1953		The Duke of Edinburgh	1921		Lord High Admiral of the United Kingdom 2011–present	[109]
1 May 1953		Sir Rhoderick McGrigor	1893	1959		[110]
22 April 1955		Sir George Creasy	1895	1972		[111]
22 October 1956		The Earl Mountbatten of Burma	1900	1979	Chief of the Defence Staff 1959–65	[112]
10 May 1960		Sir Charles Lambe	1900	1960		[113]
23 May 1962		Sir Caspar John	1903	1984		[114]
12 August 1968		Sir Varyl Begg	1908	1995		[115]
30 June 1970		Sir Michael Le Fanu	1913	1970		[116]
12 March 1971		Sir Peter Hill-Norton (later Lord Hill-Norton)	1915	2004	First Sea Lord 1970–1971 Chief of the Defence Staff 1971–73	[117]
1 March 1974		Sir Michael Pollock	1916	2006	First Sea Lord 1971–1974	[118]
9 February 1977		Sir Edward Ashmore	1919	2016	First Sea Lord 1977-1977 Chief of the Defence Staff 1977	[119]
6 July 1979		Sir Terence Lewin (later Lord Lewin)	1920	1999	First Sea Lord 1977–1979 Chief of the Defence Staff 1979–82	[120]
1 December 1982		Sir Henry Leach	1923	2011	First Sea Lord 1979–1982	[121]
2 August 1985		Sir John Fieldhouse (later Lord Fieldhouse)	1928	1992	First Sea Lord 1982–1985 Chief of the Defence Staff 1985–88	[122]
12 April 1988		King Olav V of Norway	1903	1991	honorary, to foreign royalty	[123]
25 May 1989		Sir William Staveley	1928	1997	First Sea Lord 1985–1989	[124]
2 March 1992		Sir Julian Oswald	1933	2011	First Sea Lord 1989–1993	[125]
10 July 1995		Sir Benjamin Bathurst	1936		First Sea Lord 1993–1995	[126]
16 June 2012		The Prince of Wales	1948		Honorary rank. Promoted 16 June 2012	[127]
13 June 2014		Michael Boyce, Baron Boyce	1943		Honorary rank. Promoted 13 June 2014	[128]

See also

• Lord High Admiral of the United Kingdom
• First Sea Lord

References

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Sources

• Heathcote, Tony (2002). The British Admirals of the Fleet 1734–1995. Pen & Sword Ltd. ISBN 0-85052-835-6.

External links