Foreign-born population of the United Kingdom

This article is about foreign-born groups in the United Kingdom. For ethnic groups in the United Kingdom regardless of birthplace, see Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom.

The foreign-born population of the United Kingdom includes immigrants from a wide range of countries who are resident in the United Kingdom. In the period January 2010 to December 2010, there were 19 foreign-born groups that consisted of at least 100,000 individuals residing in the UK (people originating from Australia, Bangladesh, China, France, Germany, India, Italy, Jamaica, Kenya, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines, Poland, Republic of Ireland, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, United States and Zimbabwe).^[1]

Size of the foreign-born population

At the time of the UK census, conducted in April 2001, 8.3 per cent of the country's population were foreign-born.^[2] This was substantially less than that of major immigration countries such as Australia (23 per cent), Canada (19.3 per cent) and the USA (12.3 per cent).^[3] Figures for each census since 1951 are given in the table below. In 2005, the foreign-born population was estimated at 9.1 per cent, compared to a European Union average of 8.6 per cent.^[4]

In 2011, there were 7.5 million foreign-born residents in the UK, corresponding to 11.9 per cent of the total population.^[5] A 2010 estimate shows that 4.76 million (7.7 per cent) were born outside the EU and 2.24 million (3.6 per cent) were born in another EU member state.^[6]

Census	Foreign-born population	Percentage increase over previous decade	Percentage of total population^[3]
1951	2,118,600		4.2
1961	2,573,500	21.5	4.9
1971	3,190,300	24.0	5.8
1981	3,429,100	7.5	6.2
1991	3,835,400	11.8	6.7
2001	4,896,600	27.7	8.3
2011	7,505,000	53.3	11.9

Countries of origin

The table below lists the places of birth of UK residents according to the 2001 Census, as reported by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.^[7] The table also lists population estimates of the foreign-born population for the top 60 foreign countries of birth in the period January 2010 to December 2010, published by the Office for National Statistics.^[1]^[8]

In 2001, the five most common foreign countries of birth were the Republic of Ireland, India, Pakistan, Germany and the United States respectively.^[7] In 2010, the most common foreign countries of birth were India, Poland (up from 18th in 2001), Pakistan, the Republic of Ireland and Germany respectively. The United States dropped to eighth place behind South Africa and Bangladesh, despite growth in the size of the US-born population.^[1]

The period between 2001 and 2010 saw significant change in the UK's foreign-born population. In particular, the 2004 and 2007 enlargements of the European Union have led to mass migration from Bulgaria, Latvia, Romania, Poland, Slovakia and Lithuania.^[1] The number of Poland-born people resident in the UK increased from 60,711 in 2001 to an estimated 532,000 in the year to December 2010, whilst the population born in Lithuania increased from 4,363 to an estimated 87,000.^[1] The most significant decrease in a foreign-born population resident in the UK between 2001 and 2010 is in the number of those originating from the Republic of Ireland. Whereas in 2001, 533,901 people born in the Republic of Ireland were resident in the UK, this is estimated to have declined to 405,000 by 2010.^[1]

Country of birth	Population (2001 census)	Population (October 2012 ONS Estimate)^[9]	Corresponding article(s)
United Kingdom	53,923,642	54,233,000	British people, Cornish people, English people, Manx people, Northern Irish people, Scottish people, Welsh people
Republic of Ireland	533,901	403,000	Irish migration to Great Britain
India	467,634	729,000	Indians in the United Kingdom
Pakistan	321,167	465,000	Pakistanis in the United Kingdom
Germany	266,136	304,000	Germans in the United Kingdom
United States	158,434	217,000	Americans in the United Kingdom
Bangladesh	154,362	234,000	Bangladeshis in the United Kingdom
Jamaica	146,401	145,000	Jamaicans in the United Kingdom
South Africa	141,405	209,000	South Africans in the United Kingdom
Kenya	129,633	142,000	Kenyans in the United Kingdom
Australia	107,871	110,000	Australians in the United Kingdom
Italy	107,244	133,000	Italians in the United Kingdom
Hong Kong	96,445	91,000	Hong Kongers in the United Kingdom
France	96,281	136,000	French in the United Kingdom
Nigeria	88,378	180,000	Nigerians in the United Kingdom
Cyprus	77,673	50,000	Cypriots in the United Kingdom
Canada	72,518	90,000	Canadians in the United Kingdom
Sri Lanka	67,938	131,000	Sri Lankans in the United Kingdom
Poland	60,711	646,000	Polish in the United Kingdom
New Zealand	58,286	54,000	New Zealanders in the United Kingdom
Ghana	56,112	80,000	Ghanaians in the United Kingdom
Uganda	55,213	64,000	Ugandans in the United Kingdom
Spain	54,482	83,000	Spaniards in the United Kingdom
Turkey	54,079	81,000	Turks in the United Kingdom
People's Republic of China	51,078	106,000	Chinese in the United Kingdom
Malaysia	49,886	55,000	Malaysians in the United Kingdom
Zimbabwe	49,524	113,000	Zimbabweans in the United Kingdom
Somalia	43,515	91,000	Somalis in the United Kingdom
Iran	42,494	74,000	Iranians in the United Kingdom
Singapore	40,474	41,000	Singaporeans in the United Kingdom
Netherlands	40,438	59,000	Dutch in the United Kingdom
Philippines	40,118	124,000	Filipinos in the United Kingdom
Japan	37,535	41,000	Japanese in the United Kingdom
Portugal	36,555	90,000	Portuguese in the United Kingdom
Greece	35,169	38,000	Greeks in the United Kingdom
Tanzania	32,630	31,000	Tanzanians in the United Kingdom
Iraq	32,236	63,000	Iraqis in the United Kingdom
Serbia	31,244 (including Kosovo)	N/A	Serbs in the United Kingdom
Malta	30,178	29,000	Maltese in the United Kingdom
Mauritius	27,078	46,000	Mauritians in the United Kingdom
Egypt	24,700	29,000	Egyptians in the United Kingdom
Vietnam	23,347	28,000	Vietnamese in the United Kingdom
Africa (country not stated)	22,975	N/A	N/A
Sweden	22,525	31,000	Swedes in the United Kingdom
Belgium	21,668	32,000
Barbados	21,601	N/A	Barbadians in the United Kingdom
Zambia	21,529	34,000
Trinidad and Tobago	21,283	N/A	Trinidadians in the United Kingdom
Guyana	20,872	N/A	Guyanese in the United Kingdom
Austria	19,503	N/A	Austrians in the United Kingdom
Denmark	18,695	N/A
Sierra Leone	17,048	N/A	Sierra Leoneans in the United Kingdom
Thailand	16,257	N/A	Thais in the United Kingdom
Switzerland	16,010	N/A
Brazil	15,215	52,000	Brazilians in the United Kingdom
Russia	15,160	46,000	Russians in the United Kingdom
Afghanistan	14,875	60,000	Afghans in the United Kingdom
Norway	13,798	N/A
Hungary	13,159	50,000	Hungarians in the United Kingdom
Yemen	12,508	N/A	Yemenis in the United Kingdom
Morocco	12,348	N/A	Moroccans in the United Kingdom
Malawi	12,340	N/A
Colombia	12,331	26,000	Colombians in the United Kingdom
South Korea	12,310	N/A	Koreans in the United Kingdom
Czech Republic	12,220	40,000	Czechs in the United Kingdom
Ukraine	11,913	N/A	Ukrainians in the United Kingdom
Israel	11,892	N/A	Israelis in the United Kingdom
Gibraltar	11,830	N/A	Gibraltarians in the United Kingdom
Finland	11,322	N/A
Sudan	10,671	21,000	Sudanese in the United Kingdom
Algeria	10,670	21,000	Algerians in the United Kingdom
Lebanon	10,459	N/A	Lebanese in the United Kingdom
Burma (Myanmar)	9,924	N/A	Burmese in the United Kingdom
Grenada	9,783	N/A
Libya	9,141	22,000
Saudi Arabia	8,789	26,000
Democratic Republic of the Congo	8,569	N/A	Congolese in the United Kingdom
Saint Lucia	8,265	N/A
Montserrat	7,983	N/A	Montserratians in the United Kingdom
Ethiopia	7,775	N/A	Ethiopians in the United Kingdom
Romania	7,631	101,000	Romanians in the United Kingdom
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	7,091	N/A
Croatia	6,992	N/A
Argentina	6,796	N/A
Dominica	6,739	N/A
Indonesia	6,711	N/A
Bosnia-Herzegovina	6,692	N/A
China, Republic of (Taiwan)	6,588	N/A
Eritrea	6,561	N/A
Saint Kitts and Nevis	6,519	N/A
Nepal	5,943	41,000	Nepalis in the United Kingdom
Angola	5,914	N/A
Kuwait	5,882	N/A
Asia (country not stated)	5,677	N/A
United Arab Emirates	5,406	N/A	Emiratis in the United Kingdom
Bulgaria	5,351	57,000	Bulgarians in the United Kingdom
Slovakia	5,273	54,000
Chile	5,131	N/A	Chileans in the United Kingdom
Mexico	5,049	N/A	Mexicans in the United Kingdom
Lithuania	4,363	130,000	Lithuanians in the United Kingdom
Latvia	4,275	69,000
Bahrain	4,185	N/A
Syria	4,168	N/A
Peru	4,066	N/A	Peruvians in the United Kingdom
Venezuela	3,996	N/A
Gambia	3,924	N/A
Antigua and Barbuda	3,891	N/A	Antiguans in the United Kingdom
Fiji	3,464	N/A	Fijians in the United Kingdom
Mozambique	3,353	N/A
Congo	3,266	N/A
Cameroon	3,233	N/A
Jordan	3,115	N/A
Tunisia	3,070	N/A
Ecuador	3,035	N/A	Ecuadorians in the United Kingdom
Bermuda	2,986	N/A
Seychelles	2,905	N/A
Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire)	2,794	N/A	Ivoirians in the United Kingdom
Brunei	2,782	N/A
West Bank (Palestinian territories)	2,483	N/A
Rwanda	2,373	N/A
Saint Helena	2,355	N/A
Albania	2,314	N/A	Albanians in the United Kingdom
Botswana	2,051	N/A
Oman	2,024	N/A
Burundi	2,022	N/A
Estonia	2,005	N/A
Bahamas	1,797	N/A
Liberia	1,583	N/A
Iceland	1,552	N/A
Macau	1,490	N/A
South and Central America (country not stated)	1,338	N/A
Macedonia	1,285	N/A
Belize	1,233	N/A
Namibia	1,230	N/A
Slovenia	1,228	N/A
Luxembourg	1,222	N/A
Belarus	1,154	N/A
Netherlands Antilles	1,151	N/A
Bolivia	1,143	N/A	Bolivians in the United Kingdom
Cuba	1,083	N/A
Qatar	1,062	N/A
Papua New Guinea	1,057	N/A
Falkland Islands	1,044	N/A
Uruguay	963	N/A
Kazakhstan	871	N/A
Swaziland	863	N/A
Madagascar	789	N/A
Senegal	723	N/A
Cambodia	706	N/A
El Salvador	595	N/A
Armenia	589	N/A	Armenians in the United Kingdom
Azerbaijan	561	N/A	Azerbaijanis in the United Kingdom
Togo	553	N/A
Georgia	551	N/A	Georgians in the United Kingdom
Dominican Republic	523	N/A
Uzbekistan	521	N/A
Guatemala	499	N/A
Anguilla	498	N/A
Paraguay	493	N/A
Panama	492	N/A
Former USSR (country not stated)	483	N/A
Laos	464	N/A
Moldova	455	N/A
Honduras	420	N/A
Guinea-Bissau	381	N/A
Costa Rica	370	N/A
Cayman Islands	369	N/A
Lesotho	331	N/A	N/A
Cape Verde	N/A	N/A
Central African Republic	312	N/A
Solomon Islands	309	N/A
Puerto Rico	306	N/A
Mongolia	293	N/A	Mongolians in the United Kingdom
Europe (country not stated)	269	N/A
Guinea	265	N/A
Suriname	264	N/A
Benin	239	N/A
Djibouti	237	N/A
Monaco	225	N/A
Nicaragua	223	N/A
Maldives	200	N/A
Chad	183	N/A
Kiribati	179	N/A
Haiti	164	N/A
British Virgin Islands	163	N/A
Tonga	143	N/A
Gabon	135	N/A
Vanuatu	135	N/A
Kyrgyzstan	133	N/A
Samoa	125	N/A
United States Virgin Islands	124	N/A
Mali	121	N/A
Oceania (country not stated)	108	N/A
São Tomé and Príncipe	102	N/A
Tajikistan	101	N/A
Burkina Faso	99	N/A
Turkmenistan	99	N/A
Niger	96	N/A
Bhutan	86	N/A
Comoros	62	N/A
Guam	61	N/A
Turks and Caicos Islands	56	N/A
Equatorial Guinea	51	N/A
Cook Islands	37	N/A
Andorra	35	N/A
American Samoa	30	N/A
Mauritania	28	N/A
Liechtenstein	23	N/A
North Korea	22	N/A
British Indian Ocean Territory	19	N/A
Nauru	14	N/A
Tuvalu	10	N/A
San Marino	9	N/A
Norfolk Island	4	N/A
Micronesia, Federated States of	3	N/A
Niue	3	N/A
Pitcairn Islands	3	N/A
Palau	3	N/A
East Timor	1	N/A
Aruba	0	N/A
Cocos (Keeling) Islands	0	N/A
Northern Mariana Islands	0	N/A
Tokelau	0	N/A
Vatican City	0	N/A

Institute for Public Policy Research analysis

In 2005 the Institute for Public Policy Research published an analysis of data from the 2001 Census, revealing the number of people included in the census who were born outside the British Isles, where they lived, and comparing this information against the 1991 Census.^[10] The results were made available on the BBC website.^[11] Note that this data refers to Great Britain only, rather than the whole of the UK, because of the lack of digital boundaries in the census data for Northern Ireland.^[10]

References

1 2 3 4 5 6 "Table 1.3: Estimated population resident in the United Kingdom, by foreign country of birth, January 2010 to December 2010". Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 4 September 2010.
↑ "Foreign-born: 1 in 12 in UK born overseas". Office for National Statistics. 15 December 2005. Retrieved 16 February 2009.
1 2 Rendall, Michael; Salt, John (2005). "The foreign-born population". In Office for National Statistics. Focus on People and Migration: 2005 edition (PDF). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 131–152. ISBN 1-4039-9327-0.
↑ Muenz, Rainer (June 2006). "Europe: Population and migration in 2005". Migration Policy Institute. Retrieved 14 December 2009.
↑ "Immigration Patterns of Non-UK Born Populations in England and Wales in 2011" (PDF). Office for National Statistics. 17 Dec 2013. Retrieved 2014-10-11.
↑ Vasileva, Katya (2011). "6.5% of the EU population are foreigners and 9.4% are born abroad" (PDF). Eurostat. Retrieved 11 April 2012.
1 2 "Country-of-birth database". Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Retrieved 21 September 2008.
↑ Ellis, Amy (2009). "UK resident population by country of birth" (PDF). Population Trends 135 (135): 20–28. doi:10.1057/pt.2009.5. PMID 19391440.
↑ Estimated Overseas born Population resident in the UK tab 1.3], Retrieved 25 August 2014
1 2 Kyambi, Sarah (2005). Beyond Black and White: Mapping new immigrant communities. London: Institute for Public Policy Research. ISBN 1-86030-284-X.
↑ "Introduction and figures for Britain". Born Abroad: An immigration map of Britain. BBC News. 7 September 2005. Retrieved 16 February 2009.

External links

Migration to the United Kingdom from the Americas

North America	American Antiguan and Barbudan Barbadian Canadian Dominican Grenadian Jamaican Mexican Montserratian¹ Saint Kitts and Nevisian Saint Lucian Saint Vincentian Trinidadian and Tobagonian

South America	Bolivian Brazilian Chilean Colombian Ecuadorian Guyanese Peruvian

See also	British African-Caribbean community British Indo-Caribbean community Latin American migration to the United Kingdom

Notes	1. Montserrat is a British overseas territory and not an independent state

Migration to the United Kingdom from Africa

North Africa	Algerian Egyptian Moroccan Sudanese

Horn of Africa	Eritrean Djiboutian Ethiopian Somali

East Africa	Kenyan Mauritian Mozambican Tanzanian Ugandan

Southern Africa	Angola South African Zimbabwean

Central Africa	Congolese (DRC)

West Africa	Ivoirian Ghanaian Nigerian Sierra Leonean

Migration to the United Kingdom from Asia

East Asia	Chinese in London Mongolian Japanese (in London) Korean

South Asia	Bangladeshi Indian in London Nepali Pakistani in London Mirpuri Sri Lankan Tamil

Southeast Asia	Burmese Filipino Hongkonger Indonesians Malaysian Singaporean Thai Vietnamese

West Asia	Afghan Arab Armenian Assyrian Azerbaijanis Emirati Iranian Iraqi Israeli Kurdish Lebanese Turkish in London Yemeni

Migration to the United Kingdom from Europe

Migration to the United Kingdom from Oceania

Australian Fijian New Zealander

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