Afri

For other uses, see Afri (disambiguation).

Afri (singular Afer) was a Latin name for the inhabitants of Africa, referring in its widest sense to all the lands south of the Mediterranean (Ancient Libya).[1][2] Latin-speakers at first used afer as an adjective, meaning "of Africa". As a substantive, it denoted a native of Africa, i. e., an African.

The ultimate etymology of the term for the country remains uncertain. It may derive from a Punic term for an indigenous population of the area surrounding Carthage. (See Terence for discussion.) The name is usually connected with Phoenician ʿafar, "dust",[3] (also found in other Semitic languages), but a 1981 hypothesis[4] has asserted that it stems from the Berber ifri (plural ifran) "cave", in reference to cave dwellers.[5] (See Tataouine.) The same word[5] may be found in the name of the Banu Ifran from Algeria and Tripolitania, a Berber tribe originally from Yafran (also known as Ifrane) in northwestern Libya.[6] The classical historian Flavius Josephus (born 37 CE) asserted that descendants of Abraham's grandson Epher invaded the region and gave it their own name.

During the period of the Roman Empire, Afer came to be a cognomen for people from Africa Proconsularis.

This ethnonym provided the source of the term Africa. The Romans referred to the region as Africa terra (land of the Afri), based on the stem Afr- with the adjective suffix -ic- (giving Africus, Africa, Africum in the nominative singular of the three Latin genders). Following the defeat of Carthage in the Third Punic War, Rome set up the province of Africa Proconsularis.

The Germanic tribe of the Vandals conquered the Roman Diocese of Africa in the 5th century; the empire re-conquered it as the Praetorian prefecture of Africa in AD 534. The Latin name Africa came into Arabic after the Islamic conquest as Ifriqiya.[7]

The name survives today as Ifira and Ifri-n-Dellal in Greater Kabylie (Algeria). A Berber tribe was called Banu Ifran in the Middle Ages, and Ifurace was the name of a Tripolitan people in the 6th century. Troglodytism, once frequent in northern Africa, still occurs today in southern Tunisia. Herodotus wrote that the Garamantes, a North African people, used to live in caves. The Greeks also called an African people who lived in caves Troglodytae.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Georges, Karl Ernst (1913–1918). "Afri". In Georges, Heinrich. Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch (in German) (8th ed.). Hannover. Retrieved 20 September 2015.
  2. ↑ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879). "Afer". A Latin Dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Retrieved 20 September 2015.
  3. ↑ Venter & Neuland, NEPAD and the African Renaissance (2005), p. 16
  4. ↑ Names of countries, Decret and Fantar, 1981.
  5. 1 2 Geo. Babington Michell, "The Berbers", Journal of Royal African Society, Vol. 2, No. 6 (January 1903), pp. 161-194.
  6. ↑ Edward Lipinski, Itineraria Phoenicia, Peeters Publishers, 2004, p. 200. ISBN 90-429-1344-4.
  7. ↑ Names of countries, Decret & Fantar, 1981

External links

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Saturday, December 26, 2015. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.