Agence France-Presse

Agence France-Presse
Public company
Industry News media
Founded 1944 (1944)
Headquarters Paris, France
Area served
 Worldwide
Key people
 Emmanuel Hoog
(President and CEO)
Products Wire service
Number of employees
 2,260[1]
Website afp.com

Agence France-Presse (AFP) is an international news agency headquartered in Paris, France.

Founded in 1944,[2][3] AFP is the third largest news agency in the world, after the Associated Press (AP) and Reuters. AFP was established after the liberation of Paris by journalists in the headquarters of Agence Havas, and renamed the "Office Français d'Information" during the war, which was infamous for collaboration with the Nazis.

Currently, the CEO is Emmanuel Hoog and the News Director is Michèle Léridon.[4] AFP has regional offices in Nicosia, Montevideo, Hong Kong, and Washington, D.C., and bureaus in 150 countries. AFP transmits news in French, English, Arabic, Portuguese, Spanish, and German.

History

Agence Havas

The Agence Havas was founded in 1835 by a Parisian translator and advertising agent, Charles-Louis Havas[5] as Agence Havas. Two of his employees, Paul Reuter and Bernhard Wolff, later set up rival news agencies in London and Berlin respectively, starting 1848. In order to reduce overhead and develop the lucrative advertising side of the business, Havas's sons, who had succeeded him in 1852, signed agreements with Reuter and Wolff, giving each news agency an exclusive reporting zone in different parts of Europe. This arrangement lasted until the 1930s, when the invention of short-wave wireless improved and cut communications costs. To help Havas extend the scope of its reporting at a time of great international tension, the French government financed up to 47% of its investments.

Agence France-Presse

In 1940, when German forces occupied France during the World War II, the news agency was taken over by the authorities and renamed "Office Français d'Information" (French Information Office); only the private advertising company retained the name Havas.[6] On August 20, 1944, as Allied forces moved on Paris, a group of journalists in the French Resistance seized the offices of the FIO and issued the first news dispatch from the liberated city under the name of Agence France-Presse.

Established as a state enterprise, AFP devoted the post-war years to developing its network of international correspondents. One of them was the first Western journalist to report the death of the Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin on March 6, 1953. AFP was keen to shake off its semi-official status, and on January 10, 1957 the French Parliament passed a law establishing its independence. Since that date, the proportion of the agency's revenues generated by subscriptions from government departments has steadily declined. Such subscriptions represented 115 million Euros in 2011.[7]

In 1982, the agency began to decentralize its editorial decision-making by setting up the first of its five autonomous regional centres, in Hong Kong, then a British Crown colony. Each region has its own budget, administrative director and chief editor. In September 2007, the AFP Foundation was launched to promote higher standards of journalism worldwide. The mission of the AFP "... is' 'defined by its statutes: to report events, free of « all influences or considerations likely to impair the exactitude » of its news and « under no circumstances to pass under the legal or actual control of an ideological, political or economic group."[8]

The Mitrokhin archive identified six agents and two confidential KGB contacts inside Agence France-Presse who were used in Soviet operations in France.[9]

In 1991, AFP set up a joint venture with Extel to create a financial news service, AFX News.[10] It was sold in 2006 to Thomson Financial.[11]

In October 2008, the Government of France announced moves to change AFP's status, including the involvement of outside investors. On November 27 of that year, the main trade unions represented in the company's home base of France - the CGT, Force Ouvrière, Syndicat national des journalistes,[12] Union syndicale des journalistes CFDT[13] and SUD, launched an online petition to oppose what they saw as an attempt to privatise the agency.

On December 10, 2009, the French Culture Minister Frédéric Mitterrand announced that he was setting up a Committee of Experts under former AFP CEO Henri Pigeat to study plans for the agency's future status.[14] On February 24, 2010, Pierre Louette unexpectedly announced his intention to resign as CEO by the end of March, and move to a job with France Télécom.

Statutes

AFP headquarters in Paris.

AFP is a government-chartered public corporation operating under a 1957 law,[15] but is officially a commercial business independent of the French government. AFP is administered by a CEO and a board comprising 15 members:

The board elects the CEO for a renewable term of three years. The AFP also has a council charged with ensuring that the agency operates according to its statutes, which mandate absolute independence and neutrality. Editorially, AFP is governed by a network of senior journalists.

The primary client of AFP is the French government, which purchases subscriptions for its various services. In practice, those subscriptions are an indirect subsidy to AFP. The statutes of the agency prohibit direct government subsidies.

Copyright violation

In November 2013, AFP and Getty Images were ordered to pay $1.2 million compensation to freelance photojournalist Daniel Morel for using his images posted on Twitter related to the 2010 Haiti earthquake without his permission, in violation of copyright and Twitter's terms of service.[16][17]

Investments

Notable investments include:

AFP GmbH is the subsidiary of AFP in Germany, producing German-language services for local press, internet and corporate clients.

Sport-Informations-Dienst (SID) is producing a German-language sports service.

In November 2007, AFP announced its investment in Scooplive, a news photo and video agency online, created in France in 2006. Scooplive became Citizenside after this investment. Citizenside is now named Newzulu.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Delcambre, Alexis (July 11, 2015). "La grève à l'AFP se poursuit ("AFP strike goes on")". Le Monde. Retrieved July 13, 2015.
  2. ↑ "Fondation AFP" [AFP Foundation]. Retrieved 25 November 2010. Successor of the oldest international news agency - founded in 1835 by a Parisian translator and publicist, Charles-Louis Havas - Agence France-Presse was reborn on August 20, 1944 during the liberation of Paris.
  3. ↑ James F. Broderick; Darren W. Miller (2007). Consider the source: A Critical Guide to 100 Prominent News and Information Sites on the Web. Information Today, Inc. p. 1. ISBN 0-910965-77-3.
  4. ↑ "AFP: Michèle Léridon appointed Global News Director". AFP (Press release). 23 June 2014. Retrieved 13 January 2015.
  5. ↑ "Daily Newspapers: First in a Series on the French Media". Wikileaks. 6 November 2006. Retrieved 7 February 2015.
  6. ↑ L'Office Français d'Information (1940-1944) (French) Revue d'histoire de la Deuxième Guerre mondiale n°101, January 1976
  7. ↑ "N° 3806 tome VII - Avis de M. Michel Françaix sur le projet de loi de finances pour 2012 (n°3775)". Retrieved 19 January 2016.
  8. ↑ "Accueil - Fondation AFP". Retrieved 19 January 2016.
  9. ↑ Andrew, Christopher, Vasili Mitrokhin (2000). The Sword and the Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB. Basic Books. ISBN 0-465-00312-5. p. 169-171
  10. ↑ AFP and Financial Wires Encroach on Original Market : Reuters News: Clients Defect By Erik Ipsen Published: February 13, 1992 nytimes.com
  11. ↑ Thomson Financial acquires AFX. Publication: Information World Review Publish date: July 10, 2006, highbeam.com
  12. ↑ "Bienvenue sur le site du SNJ". Retrieved 19 January 2016.
  13. ↑ "Actualités". Retrieved 19 January 2016.
  14. ↑ "December 2009: Government Sets up Committee to Study Agency's Future". Retrieved 19 January 2016.
  15. ↑ Translation of AFP's statutes into English (Sept. 2011): http://www.sos-afp.org/en/statutes
  16. ↑ Ax, Joseph (November 22, 2013). "Photographer wins $1.2 million from companies that took pictures off Twitter". Reuters. Retrieved November 25, 2013.
  17. ↑ Laurent, Olivier (November 24, 2013). "Getty Images disappointed at $1.2m Morel verdict". British Journal of Photography. Incisive Media. Retrieved November 25, 2013.

External links

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