Agustín Aznar

Agustín Aznar Gerner
Born Agustín Aznar Gerner
18 August 1911
Died 2 May 1984(1984-05-02) (aged 72)
Nationality Spanish
Occupation Medical doctor
Known for Politician
Political party Falange

Agustín Aznar Gerner (18 August 1911 – 2 May 1984) was a Spanish medical doctor, political activist with the Falange and a leading figure during the Spanish Civil War. Aznar was part of a radical element within the followers of Francisco Franco and at represented a challenge to his leadership. The son of Severino Aznar Embid, Aznar was a burly adventurer who held the Greco-Roman wrestling title in Castille.[1]

Early years

In 1935 he was the founder and leader of the Falangist student union, the Sindicato Español Universitario.[2] At the beginning of the civil war Aznar was appointed jefe of the national militias in succession to Luis Aguilar who had been killed.[3] In this role he was close to Hans Joachim von Knobloch, the German consul in Alicante and in 1936 the two co-operated in a scheme to secure the release of the captured Falangist leader José Antonio Primo de Rivera through bribery. The plan failed and Aznar narrowly escaped capture himself, although the scheme was typical of his adventuring reputation.[4]

Power struggle

Following the execution of Primo de Rivera, Aznar became one of the leading figures within a power struggle in the Falange. Along with Sancho Dávila y Fernández de Celis he formed the leadership of a group known as the legitimistas who were opposed to the leadership of Primo de Rivera's chosen successor Manuel Hedilla.[5] In an attempt to secure his position Hedilla organised an extraordinary meeting of the Falange, although trouble was promised as both he and Aznar organised their own militias in the run up to the meeting.[6] It was Aznar who struck first, using his militia to seize to depose Hedilla on April 16, 1937 and instead placing at the head of the Falange a triumvirate made up of himself, Sancho Dávila and their ally José Moreno.[7]

Hedilla hit back however, enlisting the help of Finnish Nazi Carl von Haartman, who led Hedilla's troops in capturing the Falangist Headquarters from Aznar's forces.[8] With the struggle threatening to impact upon the war effort Franco stepped in to publicly back Hedilla and ensure the arrest of Aznar, Sancho Dávila and the others. However Franco used the opportunity to effectively neutralise the Falange by immediately announcing the formation of the Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista, effectively making the post of head of the Falange little more than ceremonial.[9]

Return to politics

Despite his personal loss of face Aznar, who was released from prison very soon afterwards, was quickly reconciled to Franco's new movement and was appointed to the post of assessor of militias.[10] A member of the group's 12 man Junta Politica, Aznar joined with Fernando González Vélez in 1938 in an attempt to radicalise the movement along the lines of Italian fascism and Nazism and to make the party more important. The proposals of the Aznar group, delivered to the Junta by his ally Dionisio Ridruejo, sparked another possible schism, this time with the monarchist faction of Pedro Sainz Rodríguez who were repulsed by what they saw as the republicanism of fascism. Again Franco sided against Aznar and had both he and González Vélez imprisoned for the plot.[11] Franco's decision had been aided by an earlier intelligence report he had received which stated that Aznar and González Vélez were plotting against him, although there is little evidence to suggest that this was true.[12]

Pro-Nazi activity

Disenchanted by the conservative path adopted by the Franco regime Aznar, along with the likes of Ridruejo and other original Falangists such as the García-Noblejas brothers, joined the Blue Division during the Second World War.[13] Also serving in the fairly minor role of National Delegate for Health in the government, Aznar became associated with the efforts of José Luis de Arrese to increase ties with the Nazis following his war service.[14] Combining his two roles Aznar instigated a scheme by which Spanish doctors could work in German hospitals and this programme continued until late 1944.[15] Like most of the pro-Nazis within the Franco government Aznar was sidelined in 1945 as a new pro-western and anti-communist policy was adopted by El Caudillo.

References

  1. ↑ Stanley G. Payne, Fascism in Spain, 1923-1977, 2000, p. 164
  2. ↑ E. de Blaye, Franco and the Politics of Spain, Penguin Books, 1976, p. 457
  3. ↑ Payne, Fascism in Spain, p. 242
  4. ↑ Paul Preston, Franco, London: 1995, pp. 194-5
  5. ↑ Preston, Franco, p. 258
  6. ↑ Preston, Franco, pp. 261-2
  7. ↑ Preston, Franco, p. 262
  8. ↑ Preston, Franco, pp. 263-4
  9. ↑ Preston, Franco, pp. 265-6
  10. ↑ Preston, Franco, p. 270
  11. ↑ Preston, Franco, pp. 299-300
  12. ↑ Stanley G. Payne, Falange: A History of Spanish Fascism, 1961, p. 185
  13. ↑ Wayne H. Bowen, Spaniards and Nazi Germany: Collaboration in the New Order, 2000, p. 108
  14. ↑ Bowen, Spaniards and Nazi Germany, p. 149
  15. ↑ Bowen, Spaniards and Nazi Germany, p. 191
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