Ainahou Ranch

Ainahou Ranch
The house at Ainahou Ranch
Location Off Chain of Craters Road in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park
Coordinates 19°20′37″N 155°13′44″W / 19.34361°N 155.22889°W / 19.34361; -155.22889Coordinates: 19°20′37″N 155°13′44″W / 19.34361°N 155.22889°W / 19.34361; -155.22889
Area less than one acre
Built 1941
Architectural style Bungalow/Craftsman
NRHP Reference # 94001619[1]
Added to NRHP February 8, 1995

The Shipman family leased 6,324 acres (2,559 ha) of land near the Kīlauea volcano in 1937 from the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Estate, which they called the Ainahou Ranch. The name ʻaina hou means "new land".[2] An older ranch called Keauhou (not to be confused with the Keauhou, Hawaii on the western side of the island) had been established here in 1921, so a primitive trail existed, and the Chain of Craters Road had recently been built within a few miles. Herbert C. Shipman built a house on the remote ranch in 1941 for the family as a refuge for the anticipated Japanese invasion of Hawaii. It was used as a working cattle ranch, raising beef for the military during World War II.

After the 1946 tsunami devastated the Puna Shipman property, killing half the endangered Hawaiian geese (nēnē) he was raising there, he built pens at Ainahou to continue raising the nēnē.[3] After the war, it was estimated only about 30 birds existed in the wild.[4] Herbert Shipman reintroduced two pairs to the Pohakuloa Training Area, and worked with British ornithologist Peter Scott to expand the breeding program to England, possibly saving the species from extinction.[5] The shipman family also kept many exotic plants at the ranch, including some of the first orchids raised on the island. Herbert (president of the Hawaii Orchid Society) was awarded a gold medal in 1957 by the American Orchid Society for contributions to the industry.[6]

After being threatened by a lava flow in 1969 the house was evacuated. The family reached an agreement for the National Park Service to purchase the land and house in 1971 to become part of Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, under the authority of the Endangered Species Act. Ainahou ranch was listed on the state register of historic places on December 5, 1973 as site 10-62-19429,[7] and the National Register of Historic Places listings on the island of Hawaii on June 23, 1978 as site 78001013.[8] and the National Register of Historic Places listings on the island of Hawaii on February 8, 1995 as site 94001619.[9]

Notes

  1. ↑ Staff (2009-03-13). "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service.
  2. ↑ Lloyd J. Soehren. "lookup of ainahou". Hawaiian Place Names web site. University of Hawaii. Retrieved 2009-09-02.
  3. ↑ "Ainahou Ranch House and Gardens, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park" (PDF). Cultural Landscapes Inventory (National Park Service). 2004.
  4. ↑ Janet Kear, Andrew John Berger (1980). The Hawaiian goose: an experiment in conservation. Buteo Books. pp. 67–73. ISBN 978-0-931130-04-5.
  5. ↑ "Draft Revised Recovery Plan for the Nēnē" (PDF). U.S. Fish and Wildelife Service web site. July 2004. p. 8. Retrieved 2009-09-10.
  6. ↑ Society, American Orchid (1957). American Orchid Society bulletin 26. p. 854.
  7. ↑ "Historic Places in Hawaii County" (PDF). official state web site. Retrieved 2009-09-10.
  8. ↑ Gary Cummins and M. Mitchell (December 1973). "W. H. Shipman House nomination form" (PDF). National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. Retrieved 2009-07-31.
  9. ↑ Janet Keswick and Thomas Quinlan (December 1994). "Ainahou Ranch nomination form" (PDF). National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. Retrieved 2009-09-10.
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