Alafranga and alaturca

Alaturca and alafranga are musical and cultural concepts specific to the Ottoman Empire and its people. The terms describe a distinction between Eastern culture and Western culture in the Balkans. They are also associated with the old-fashioned (alaturca) and the modern (alafranga). The labels are now considered outdated, but are useful in understanding Ottoman and Turkish cultural history.^[1]

Alaturka and alafranga were also competing music genres in the Turkish Republic in the 1920s and 1930s, after the Ottoman Empire was dissolved. Alaturka was associated with the classical music of the Ottoman Empire, while alafranga was associated with European classical music, along with other western music forms penetrating the country.^[2][1]

• Alafranga is music or other cultural expression in a western or European style. It was seen in the 18th Century as "exemplifying modernist ideas and trends".^[1] Term comes from Italitan "alla Francia".
• Alaturka is music or other cultural expression in a traditional Turkish style. It was seen in the 19th Century as "exemplifying backward-looking traditionalism"— the opposite of alafranga. From Italitan, "à la Turk" or "alla turca"^[1][3]<ref name=O'Connell>University of Illinois Press, Ethnomusicology, Vol. 49, No. 2 (Spring/Summer, 2005), pp. 177-205, John Morgan O'Connell, In the Time of Alaturka: Identifying Difference in Musical Discourse.</ref>

Western references

• David Brubeck referred to the Turkish people in the title to his tune Blue Rondo à la Turk. Brubeck heard an unusual rhythm performed by Turkish musicians on the street. Upon asking the musicians where they got the rhythm, one replied "This rhythm is to us what the blues is to you." He named the piece for them.^[4]

References

1. Eric Ederer, The Cümbüş as Instrument of “the Other” in Modern Turkey
2. Cardiff University School of Music, Meet our PhD supervisors: Dr John Morgan O'Connell
3. Hedrick Smith. "Rediscovering Dave Brubeck". PBS.
4. Hedrick Smith. "Rediscovering Dave Brubeck". PBS.

See also

• Alaturka: Style in Turkish Music (1923–1938) by John Morgan O'Connell, Cardiff University, UK, SOAS Musicology Series