Albanese variety

In mathematics, the Albanese variety A(V), named for Giacomo Albanese, is a generalization of the Jacobian variety of a curve.

Precise statement

The Albanese variety is the abelian variety generated by a variety V taking a given point of V to the identity of A. In other words there is a morphism from the variety V to its Albanese variety A(V), such that any morphism from V to an abelian variety (taking the given point to the identity) factors uniquely through A(V). For complex manifolds Blanchard (1956) defined the Albanese variety in a similar way, as a morphism from V to a torus A(V) such that any morphism to a torus factors uniquely through this map. (It is an analytic variety in this case; it need not be algebraic.)

Properties

For compact Kähler manifolds the dimension of the Albanese is the Hodge number h^1,0, the dimension of the space of differentials of the first kind on V, which for surfaces is called the irregularity of a surface. In terms of differential forms, any holomorphic 1-form on V is a pullback of translation-invariant 1-form on the Albanese, coming from the holomorphic cotangent space of Alb(V) at its identity element. Just as for the curve case, by choice of a base point on V (from which to 'integrate'), an Albanese morphism

$V \to \operatorname{Alb}(V)$

is defined, along which the 1-forms pull back. This morphism is unique up to a translation on the Albanese. For varieties over fields of positive characteristic, the dimension of the Albanese variety may be less than the Hodge numbers h^1,0 and h^0,1 (which need not be equal). To see the former note that the Albanese is dual to the Picard variety whose tangent space at the identity is given by $H^1(X, O_X)$. That $\dim Alb(X) \leq h^{1,0}$ is a result of Igusa in the bibliography.

Roitman's theorem

If the ground field k is algebraically closed, the Albanese map $V \to \operatorname{Alb}(V)$ can be shown to factor over a group homomorphism (also called the Albanese map)

$CH_0(V) \to Alb(V)(k)$

from the Chow group of 0-dimensional cycles on V to the group of rational points of Alb(V), which is an abelian group since Alb(V) is an abelian variety.

Roitman's theorem, introduced by Rojtman (1980), asserts that, for l being prime to char(k), the Albanese map induces an isomorphism on the l-torsion subgroups.^[1][2] Replacing the Chow group by Suslin-Voevodsky algebraic singular homology after the introduction of Motivic cohomology Roitman's theorem has been obtained and reformulated in the motivic framework. For example, a similar result holds for non-singular quasi-projective varieties.^[3] Further versions of Roitman's theorem are available for normal schemes.^[4] Actually, the most general formulations of Roitman's theorem (i.e. homological, cohomological & Borel-Moore) involve the Motivic Albanese complex LAlb (V) and have been proven by L. Barbieri-Viale and B. Kahn (see the references III.13).

Connection to Picard variety

The Albanese variety is dual to the Picard variety (the connected component of zero of the Picard scheme classifying invertible sheaves on V):

$\operatorname{Alb}\,V = (\operatorname{Pic}_0\,V)^\vee.$

For algebraic curves, the Abel–Jacobi theorem implies that the Albanese and Picard varieties are isomorphic.

See also

• Intermediate Jacobian
• Albanese scheme
• Motivic Albanese

Notes & References

1. Rojtman, A. A. (1980), "The torsion of the group of 0-cycles modulo rational equivalence", Annals of Mathematics. Second Series 111 (3): 553–569, doi:10.2307/1971109, ISSN 0003-486X, MR 577137
2. S. Bloch. Torsion algebraic cycles and a theorem of Roitman. Compositio Mathematica Vol. 39, Fasc. 1, 1979
3. M. Spieß & T. Szamuely On the Albanese map for smooth quasi-projective varieties Math. Ann. 325 (2003), no. 1, 1–17
4. T. Geisser Rojtman’s theorem for normal schemes Mathematical Research Letters Vol. 22 N. 4 (2015) 1129 – 1144

• L. Barbieri-Viale; B. Kahn (2016), On the derived category of 1-motives, Astérisque, SMF, ISBN 978-2-85629-818-3, ISSN 0303-1179
• Blanchard, André (1956), "Sur les variétés analytiques complexes", Annales Scientifiques de l'École Normale Supérieure. Troisième Série 73: 157–202, ISSN 0012-9593, MR 0087184
• P. Griffiths; J. Harris (1994), Principles of Algebraic Geometry, Wiley Classics Library, Wiley Interscience, pp. 331, 552, ISBN 0-471-05059-8
• Igusa, Jun-ichi (1955), A fundamental inequality in the theory of Picard varieties
• Parshin, A. N. (2001), "Albanese_variety", in Hazewinkel, Michiel, Encyclopedia of Mathematics, Springer, ISBN 978-1-55608-010-4