Albert S. Willis

Albert S. Willis
United States Ambassador to Hawaii
In office 1893 – January 6, 1897
President	Grover Cleveland
Preceded by	James Henderson Blount
Succeeded by	Harold M. Sewall
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Kentucky's 5th district
In office March 4, 1877 – March 3, 1887
Preceded by	Henry Watterson
Succeeded by	Asher G. Caruth
Personal details
Born	January 22, 1843 Shelbyville, Kentucky
Died	January 6, 1897 (aged 53) Honolulu, Hawaii
Resting place	Cave Hill Cemetery
Political party	Democratic
Alma mater	University of Louisville School of Law
Profession	Lawyer

Albert Shelby Willis (January 22, 1843 – January 6, 1897) was a United States Representative from Kentucky and a Minister to Hawaii.

Life

Born in Shelbyville, Kentucky, Willis attended the common schools, and graduated from the Louisville Male High School in 1860. He taught school for four years before graduating from the University of Louisville School of Law in 1866. He was admitted to the bar and commenced the practice of law in Louisville. He served as prosecuting attorney for Jefferson County from 1874 to 1877.

Willis was elected as a Democrat to the Forty-fifth and to the four succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1877 – March 3, 1887). He served as chairman of the Committee on Rivers and Harbors during the Forty-eighth and Forty-ninth Congresses. He was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1886.

An 1893 editorial cartoon with Willis, Queen Liliʻuokalani, and President Sanford B. Dole by the newspaper The Morning Call

He resumed the practice of law before being appointed Minister to Hawaii by President Grover Cleveland in 1893. Willis was sent to Hawaii on a secret mission to meet with deposed Queen Liliʻuokalani and obtain a promise of amnesty for those involved in the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii if Cleveland restored her to the throne. Willis reported to the Secretary of State in Washington that she was intent on killing the culprits. There was a dispute: Willis said the Queen said "beheading"; she later said she used "execute." ^{[1] [2][3]}

Finally the Queen reversed herself and told Willis she could issue an amnesty. On December 18, 1893, Willis demanded on behalf of Cleveland to dissolve the Provisional Government of Hawaii and restore the Queen to power. Willis' mission was a failure when Sanford B. Dole sent a written reply declining the surrender of his authority to the deposed queen. President Cleveland then referred the matter to Congress, which commissioned the Morgan Report, which exonerated the U.S. minister and peacekeepers from taking any part in the Hawaiian Revolution. Following the Morgan Report, Cleveland reversed his stance, rebuffed the queen's further pleas for interference, and maintained normal diplomatic relations with both the Provisional Government and its successor the Republic of Hawaii.^[4]

Willis served as Minister to Hawaii until his death in Honolulu on January 6, 1897. An elaborate state funeral was held for him in the ʻIolani Palace (temporarily renamed the Executive Building).^[5] He was interred in Cave Hill Cemetery, Louisville, Kentucky.

See also

Media related to Albert S. Willis at Wikimedia Commons

References

1. Charles W. Calhoun (2015). Gilded Age Cato: The Life of Walter Q. Gresham. University Press of Kentucky. p. 150.
2. Eric T. L. Love (2005). Race over Empire: Racism and U.S. Imperialism, 1865-1900. Univ of North Carolina Press. p. 112.
3. Nick Cleaver (2014). Grover Cleveland's New Foreign Policy: Arbitration, Neutrality, and the Dawn of American Empire. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 29.
4. Nick Cleaver (2014). Grover Cleveland's New Foreign Policy: Arbitration, Neutrality, and the Dawn of American Empire. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 46–47.
5. "Last Sad Rites: Funeral of U. S. Minister Willis Yesterday: Civis and Military Dsplay: Remains in State at Executive Building". The Hawaiian gazette (Honolulu). January 12, 1897. Retrieved August 8, 2010.

• Albert S. Willis at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
• McAfee, John J. (1886). Kentucky politicians : sketches of representative Corncrackers and other miscellany. Louisville, Kentucky: Press of the Courier-Journal job printing company. pp. 168–171.

 This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.