Alexandra Hai

Portrait of gondoliera Alex Hai near the "ferro" of her gondola Pegaso, in Venice, Italy.

Alexandra Hai, also known as Alex Hai, is a 40-year-old woman of German and Algerian descent[1] who is regarded as is the first female to paid for her services as a gondolier in Venice.[2]

Overview

As gondoliers have been a traditionally male-dominated industry for centuries,[3] the city of Venice and the gondolier industry refused to grant her a licence and do not recognize her as an gondolier because she works as a private gondolier. Commonly called "la gondoliera" (the feminine form of "gondoliere")[4] the "prima gondoliera" (first woman gondolier),[4] she has operated as a private gondolier for hotels and selected clients.[5] In December 2015, the highest court in Rome recognized Hai as the first female gondolier to operate in Venice.

In 1996, Hai began as an apprentice gondolier working on the “traghetto”, the gondola ferry that carries people from one side to the other of the Grand Canal and back. She attempted and failed the test to apply for one of the coveted and limited (425) public gondolier licenses several times; in 1997, she failed to pass the written exam to become substitute gondolier.[3] Subsequently, she failed the rowing test in 1999,[6] though the result was nullified[7] on the grounds that the commission had been composed exclusively by men, in contradiction of Italian law D.L. 29/1993[8] citing equal opportunity between men and women. Hai undertook the test again, but was granted a lower score than her previous attempt.[9]

Public attention to Hai's failures resulted in controversy. Roberto Luppi, gondolier and president of the gondoliers' association from 2003 to 2009, claimed that Hai should not have tried to become a gondolier, despite supporting other women from Venice who did, and that "A woman is the best thing in the world, but she shouldn't be a gondolier [...] In my opinion, she should stay at home and take care of a family.[10]" In contrast, Roberto Sussberg, jury member of the test and director of Ente Gondola, the City hall office for the gondola's safeguard, said that the gondoliers were wrong to be hostile to Hai, citing precedents during the war when mothers and grandmothers rowed gondolas.[11] Fulvio Scarpa, gondolier and president of the gondoliers' association from 1992 to 1998, initially encouraged Hai to attempt the test; he said that part of the commission had willfully obstructed her and that it would be better for the gondoliers to give her the public licence.[12]

Unable to obtain an official license, Hai began operating as a private gondolier, in a manner similar to when patrician families kept their own gondolas and their own private gondoliers, known as gondoliers "de casada”;.[13] In recognition of reviving the tradition, Hai dresses the reproduction of an eighteenth-century gondolier uniform from the private collection of the Venetian Count Girolamo Marcello. She is currently the gondolier de casada in Venice; the previous and last one was the gondolier of Peggy Guggenheim.[13] In July 2005, Hai launched her own gondola, "Pegaso" (Pegasus) after the winged horse in Greek mythology, and dedicated the boat to French revolutionary Anacharsis Cloots, a Prussian aristocrat who was made a French citizen by the Revolution Convention Nationale and was executed in 1794. The “ferro” (the iron ornament on the front of the gondola) is a reproduction from an ancient one, characterized by a patrician family badge and a sea serpent on its tip. The gondola was restored by Gianfranco “Crea” Vianello, a Venetian gondola builder from the island of Giudecca, who has supported Hai in her pursuit to become a gondolier and mentored her with her in fine-tuning her rowing technique. Hai chose the Venetian language verse as the theme for her gondola: "E la luna nassara’ per sognar un altro di’" (And the moon will be born to dream of another day).

In October 2006, the city of Venice[14] enacted a law that forbade the circulation of gondoliers without public licence. The ordinance was considered by the local press “ad personam”, as it only affected Hai.[15] The law was repealed in 2007 TAR (Regional Administrative Court). The news was reported by the foreign press as the crucial moment of a story of sexism and bias against foreigners.[1] In August 2010, Giorgia Boscolo became Venice's first female gondolier.[16]

Before becoming a gondolier, Hai had aspired to be a filmmaker.[10] She resumed her art education in Hamburg and San Francisco and performed in her gondola during the Regata Storica in 1999. She has co-authored an art exhibition in a private gallery in Venice in 2014.[17]

References

  1. 1 2 Kiefer, Peter (May 14, 2007). "Along the Canals, a Woman Paddles Against the Tide". The New York Times.
  2. ↑ "Il caso di Alexandra Hai Prima donna pope, dopo otto anni il Consiglio di Stato conferma l'ok". Corriere del Veneto. December 29, 2015.
  3. 1 2 Terrin, Consuelo (November 6, 1997). "Una donna sfida i gondolieri". La Nuova Venezia.
  4. 1 2 Terrin, Consuelo (May 30, 2007). "La vittoria di Alex, prima gondoliera". Corriere del Veneto.
  5. ↑ "Gondoliere". Dizionario Treccani.
  6. ↑ Scalzotto, Davide (July 23, 1999). "Esame di gondola, bocciato il vincitore di 4 regate storiche". Il Gazzettino.
  7. ↑ "Sospeso l'esame da gondoliere, Alexandra potrà rifare la prova". La Nuova Venezia. August 10, 1999.
  8. ↑ "Legislazione di base sulle Pari Opportunita’" (PDF).
  9. ↑ Testa, Silvio (September 15, 1999). "Alexandra sbaglia l'esame". Il Gazzettino di Venezia.
  10. 1 2 Spolar, Christine. "Woman takes on Venice gondola cartel". The Chicago Tribune.
  11. ↑ Altarocca, Claudio (September 19, 1999). "Quella gondola vietata alle straniere". La Stampa.
  12. ↑ Scarpa, Francesca (April 13, 2007). "Alex è stata ostacolata deve fare il gondoliere". Il Gazzettino di Venezia.
  13. 1 2 Giorgi, Sebastiano. "Il ritorno del "gondoliere de casada"". La Nuova Venezia.
  14. ↑ Ordinanza n.491 del 17/10/06
  15. ↑ "Altolà alle gondole degli alberghi. L'unica vittima della singolare ordinanza è l'aspirante Alexandra". La Nuova di Venezia e Mestre. October 24, 2006.
  16. ↑ "First lady joins official ranks of Venice's gondoliers". BBC News.
  17. ↑ "Exhibition "La Gondoliera"" (PDF).

External links

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Saturday, April 16, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.