All You Need Is Love

"All You Need Is Love"
US picture sleeve
Single by The Beatles
from the album Magical Mystery Tour
B-side	"Baby, You're a Rich Man"
Released	7 July 1967
Format	7"
Recorded	14 and 19–26 June 1967, Olympic and EMI studios, London
Genre	Psychedelic rock baroque pop pop[1]
Length	3:57
Label	Parlophone Capitol
Writer(s)	Lennon–McCartney
Producer(s)	George Martin
Certification	Gold (RIAA)[2]
The Beatles singles chronology
"Strawberry Fields Forever"/"Penny Lane" (1967) "All You Need Is Love" (1967) "Hello, Goodbye" (1967)
Magical Mystery Tour track listing Alternative cover One of UK vinyl pressings

"All You Need Is Love" is a song by the Beatles that was released as a non-album single in July 1967. It was written by John Lennon^[3] and credited to Lennon–McCartney. The Beatles performed the song as Britain's contribution to Our World, the first live global television link. Watched by over 400 million in 25 countries, the program was broadcast via satellite on 25 June 1967.^[4]

Composition

The Beatles were asked to come up with a song with a message understood by everyone. "It was an inspired song and they really wanted to give the world a message", said Brian Epstein. "The nice thing about it is that it cannot be misinterpreted. It is a clear message saying that love is everything."^[5] According to journalist Jade Wright, "Lennon was fascinated by the power of slogans to unite people and never afraid to create art out of propaganda. When asked in 1971 whether songs like "Give Peace a Chance" and "Power to the People" were propaganda songs, he answered: 'Sure. So was All You Need Is Love. I'm a revolutionary artist. My art is dedicated to change.'"^[5]

The band started work on recording the song on 14 June 1967, with Lennon playing harpsichord, Paul McCartney on double bass, George Harrison on violin (an instrument he had never previously played), and Ringo Starr on drums. They recorded 33 takes, choosing the tenth take as the best. Over the following days they recorded overdubs including vocals, piano (played by their producer, George Martin), banjo (by Lennon), guitar and orchestral parts.^[6]

The interviews on The Beatles Anthology documentary series reveal that McCartney and Harrison were unsure whether "All You Need Is Love" was written for Our World, while Starr and Martin assert that it was. When asked, McCartney replied: "I don't think it was written specially for it. But it was one of the songs we had. ... It was certainly tailored to [the broadcast] once we had it. But I've got a feeling it was just one of John's songs that was coming there."^[7]

Musical structure

The song starts with the intro to the French national anthem, "La Marseillaise", and contains elements from Glenn Miller's 1939 hit "In the Mood", as well as elements from Wayne Shanklin's 1958 hit "Chanson D'Amour". The song is notable for its asymmetric time signature and complex changes. The main verse pattern contains a total of 29 beats, split into two 7/4 measures, a single bar of 8/4, followed by a one bar return of 7/4 before repeating the pattern. The chorus, however, maintains a steady 4/4 beat with the exception of the last bar of 6/4 (on the lyric "love is all you need"). The prominent cello line draws attention to this departure from pop-single normality, although it was not the first time that the Beatles had experimented with varied meter within a single song: "We Can Work It Out" and "Strawberry Fields Forever" are other examples. The song is in the key of G and the verse opens (on "There's nothing you can do") with a G chord and D melody note, the chords shifting in a I-V-vi chord progression while the bass simultaneously follows the tonic (G) to the relative minor (Em), but via an F♯, supporting a first inversion D chord. Indeed, throughout this song McCartney's bass implies many additional harmonies under the chords played by the other instruments.^[8]

After the verse "learn how to play the game, it's easy", the bass alters the prolonged V (D) chord with F#, E, C and B notes.^[9] The song is notable for a dramatic use of a dominant or V chord (here D) on "It's easy."^[10] The "Love, love, love" chant involves chords in a I-V7-vi shift (G-D-Em) and simultaneous descending B, A, G notes with the concluding G note corresponding not to the tonic G chord, but acting as a ♭ 3rd of the Em chord; this also introducing the E note of the Em chord as a 6th of the tonic G scale. Supporting the same melody note with different and unexpected chords has been termed a characteristic Beatles technique.^[11]

George Martin recalled that "the boys ... wanted to freak out at the end, and just go mad".^[12] During the long fade-out, elements of various other songs can be heard, including "Greensleeves", Invention No. 8 in F major (BWV 779) by J. S. Bach, "In the Mood", and the Beatles' own 1963 hit "She Loves You".^[13] The first of these three pieces had been included in the arrangement by Martin. "She Loves You" was the result of improvisation by Lennon in rehearsals – he had also experimented with interpolating "Yesterday" and "She'll Be Coming 'Round the Mountain" – although it was McCartney who sang "She Loves You" on the subsequent studio recording.^[6]

Live broadcast

The Our World broadcast cut to Abbey Road studios at 8:54 PM London time, about 40 seconds earlier than expected. Martin and engineer Geoff Emerick were drinking scotch whisky to calm their nerves for the task of mixing the audio for a live worldwide broadcast, and had to scramble the bottle and glasses beneath the mixing desk when they were told they were about to go on air.^[6]

For the broadcast, the Beatles (except for Starr) were seated on stools, accompanied by a small studio orchestra. They were surrounded by friends and acquaintances seated on the floor, who sang along with the refrain during the fade-out. These guests included Mick Jagger, Eric Clapton, Marianne Faithfull, Keith Richards, Keith Moon, Graham Nash, Mike McGear, Patti Boyd and Jane Asher.^[6]

The performance was not completely live: the Beatles, the orchestra, and guests were overdubbing onto a pre-recorded rhythm track mainly consisting of piano, harpsichord, drums and backing vocals. The producers of Our World were initially unhappy about the use of backing tracks, but it was insisted upon by Martin, who said that "we can't just go in front of 350 million people without some work". The full Our World segment opens with the band and company listening to the raw backing track, as commentator Steve Race explained the process in voiceover.^[6]

The segment initially showed the band simulating a rehearsal or rough take for about a minute, before Martin suggesting that the orchestral musicians should take their places for the recording as the tape was rewound, followed by the band's performance with the orchestral section. Among a number of placards featuring the word "love" translated into a variety of languages, a sign was held up during the clip with the words "Come Back Milly" – a plea to an aunt of McCartney's who was then in Australia visiting her son and grandchildren.^[6]

Lennon, affecting indifference, was said to be nervous about the broadcast, given the potential size of the international TV audience. Dissatisfied with his singing, he rerecorded the solo verses for use on the single.^[14][15] Starr also overdubbed drums before the single was released,^[15] fixing the aforementioned timing problems and adding the drum roll.

The programme was broadcast in black-and-white (colour television had yet to commence broadcasting in Britain and most of the world). The Beatles' footage was colourised, based on photographs of the event, for the 1995 documentary The Beatles Anthology.^[16] The colour version is also included in the Beatles' 2015 video compilation 1.^[17]

Release

The day before the Our World broadcast, the Beatles decided that the song should be their next single.^[6] Released in the UK on 7 July 1967, it went straight to number one and remained there for three weeks. It was similarly successful in the United States after its release on 17 July, reaching number one for a week.^[18]

"All You Need Is Love" was also included on the American LP version of Magical Mystery Tour in November 1967,^[19] as well as in the film, and on the LP Yellow Submarine, released in 1969. This song is also featured in Cirque du Soleil's show Love, based on the songs of the Beatles.

Personnel

According to Ian MacDonald:^[20]

The Beatles

• John Lennon – lead and backing vocals, harpsichord, banjo
• Paul McCartney – bass, double bass, backing vocals
• George Harrison – lead guitar, violin, backing vocals
• Ringo Starr – drums

Additional musicians

• George Martin – piano, orchestration and production
• David Mason – piccolo trumpet
• Uncredited session musicians (led by Patrick Halling) - string section^[21] brass, woodwind and accordion as conducted by Mike Vickers
• Mick Jagger, Keith Richards, Keith Moon, Graham Nash, Eric Clapton, Marianne Faithfull, Mike McGear, Jane Asher, Patti Boyd and others - background vocals, handclaps.

Chart performance

Chart (1967) Peak position Australia (Kent Music Report)[22] 1 Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[23] 1 Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[24] 4 Canadian RPM 100[25] 1 Germany (Official German Charts)[26] 1 Irish Singles Chart[27] 1 Italy (FIMI)[28] 10 Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[29] 1 Netherlands (Single Top 100)[30] 1 Norway (VG-lista)[31] 1 UK (Official Charts Company)[32] 1 US Billboard Hot 100[33] 1 US Cash Box Top 100[34] 1

Chart (1987) (Reissue) Peak position Irish Singles Chart[27] 19 UK (Official Charts Company)[32] 47

Cover versions

Group or artist's name	Release date	Album title	Additional information
The 5th Dimension	1971–10	The 5th Dimension/Live![35]
New Musik	1982	Warp
Echo & the Bunnymen	1984	Seven Seas "Life at Brian's – Lean and Hungry"	This version is included on the 1988 release New Live and Rare.[36] This version is also included on Crystal Days: 1979–1999; they also released a live cover as a bonus track on the 2003 re-release of their 1984 album Ocean Rain.
Elvis Costello	1985		Costello played the song at Wembley Stadium at the London leg of Live Aid, introducing it as an "old Northern English folk song".[6]
Bajaga i Instruktori	1986	7" single[37]
Eddie Chacon	1987	12" single[38]	Columbia 4406930
Tears for Fears	1990	Going to California (Live DVD)	Orzabal changed some of the lyrics and incorporated the phrase "Raoul and the Kings of Spain" which would go on to be the title of a future album.
Anything Box	1991–05	Worth[39]
Tom Jones	1993–01	single[40]
Ferrante & Teicher	1993-01-29	The Greatest Love Songs of All[41]
The Undead	1998–07	Till Death[42]
Lynden David Hall	2003-11-11	Love Actually[43]
Nada Surf	2006		Featured in a Chase Credit Card commercial
Dana Fuchs & Jim Sturgess	2007	Across the Universe
Beatallica	2008	single	Parodied as "All You Need is Blood"
Noel Gallagher	2009	The Dreams We Have as Children (Live for Teenage Cancer Trust)
Bandaged	2009	single (BBC Children in Need)	Taken from the Bandaged Together album and featuring rock, pop and classical artists[44]
One Direction	2010		Performed live on The X Factor during the show's elimination rounds.
Japan United with Music	2012-03-07	single	Charity single for recovery from the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami. Produced by Ryuichi Sakamoto and Takeshi Kobayashi, and featuring many artists such as Yellow Magic Orchestra, Crystal Kay, Tomoyasu Hotei, Kazutoshi Sakurai, Sugizo and Bonnie Pink.[45]
The Flaming Lips (feat. Alex and Jade of Edward Sharpe and the Magnetic Zeros)	2013-04-01	The Terror	Taken from the UK Bella Union exclusive 3" mini CD
Glee cast	2013	Glee Sings the Beatles	Also performed on Season Five Premiere, "Love Love Love"
Dave Koz	2015	Collaborations: 25th Anniversary Collection	featuring Eric Benét, Johnny Mathis, Heather Headley, Richard Marx, Jonathan Butler, Maysa, BeBe Winans, Gloria Estefan and Stevie Wonder

Notes

1. Unterberger, Richie. "All You Need Is Love". AllMusic. Retrieved 2011-08-20.
2. RIAA 2009.
3. Lewisohn 1988, p. 116.
4. Davies, Hunter (1996). The Beatles.
5. Wright 2009.
6. Edwards, Gavin (28 August 2014). "The Beatles Make History With 'All You Need Is Love': A Minute-by-Minute Breakdown". rollingstone.com. Retrieved 27 December 2015.
7. The Beatles Anthology 1995.
8. Dominic Pedler. The Songwriting Secrets of the Beatles. Music Sales Limited. Omnibus Press. NY. 2003. p298 and 458
9. Dominic Pedler. The Songwriting Secrets of the Beatles. Music Sales Limited. Omnibus Press. NY. 2003. p459
10. Dominic Pedler. The Songwriting Secrets of the Beatles. Music Sales Limited. Omnibus Press. NY. 2003. p9
11. Dominic Pedler. The Songwriting Secrets of the Beatles. Music Sales Limited. Omnibus Press. NY. 2003. p720
12. Gilliland 1969, show 46, track 2.
13. Alan W. Pollack. "Alan W. Pollack's Notes on "All You Need Is Love"". Retrieved 8 October 2014.
14. Lewisohn 1988, p. 120.
15. Unterberger 2006, p. 178.
16. Sella, Tom (1996). "Anthology Home Video". Beatles Reference Library. Retrieved 27 June 2010. Laserdisc 7, Side 1, Chapter 1
17. Rowe, Matt (18 September 2015). "The Beatles 1 To Be Reissued With New Audio Remixes … And Videos". The Morton Report. Retrieved 9 January 2016.
18. "Music Albums, Top 200 Albums & Music Album Charts". Billboard. Retrieved 2012-06-22.
19. The Beatles Bible 2008.
20. Ian MacDonald, A Revolution in The Head
21. "Patrick Halling's Musical Voyage". carlroberthalling.blog.co.uk. Retrieved 2014-04-04.
22. Worldcharts.co.uk. "Australia n°1 Hits - 60's". Retrieved 5 July 2013.
23. "Austriancharts.at – The Beatles – All You Need Is Love" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40.
24. "Ultratop.be – The Beatles – All You Need Is Love" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50.
25. "All you need is love in Canadian Top Singles Chart". Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 5 July 2013.
26. "Offiziellecharts.de – The Beatles – All You Need Is Love". GfK Entertainment.
27. "All you need is love in Irish Chart". IRMA. Retrieved 5 July 2013. Only results when searching "All you need is love"
28. "The best-selling singles of 1967 in Italy". HitParadeItalia (it). Retrieved 5 July 2013.
    56. All you need is love - The Beatles [#10]
29. "Nederlandse Top 40 – The Beatles search results" (in Dutch) Dutch Top 40.
30. "Dutchcharts.nl – The Beatles – All You Need Is Love" (in Dutch). Single Top 100.
31. "Norwegiancharts.com – The Beatles – All You Need Is Love". VG-lista.
32. "Beatles". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 5 July 2013.
33. "The Beatles awards on Allmusic". AllMusic. Retrieved 5 July 2013.
34. Hoffmann, Frank (1983). The Cash Box Singles Charts, 1950-1981. Metuchen, NJ & London: The Scarecrow Press, Inc. p. 32.
35. Torreano.
36. Ankeny 2009.
37. "All You Need Is Love (Verzija 1986)" / "Jahači magle (Ukratko)" at Discogs
38. vinylrecords.co.uk.
39. Cooper 2009.
40. BBC Wales 2009.
41. AOL Music 2009a.
42. Allmusic 2009.
43. Phares 2009.
44. "All You Need is Love" charity single 2009
45. (Japanese) YMO、小林武史、桜井和寿ら30人がBEATLES名曲カバー.

References

• "'All You Need Is Love' Lyrics– Ferrante & Teicher". AOL Music. 2009a. Retrieved 27 November 2009.
• "Bach Meets the Beatles – John Bayless". AOL Music. 2009b. Retrieved 27 November 2009.
• "Overview of Till Death by the Undead". Allmusic. 2009. Retrieved 27 November 2009.
• Ankeny, Jason (2009). "Review of New Live and Rare: Echo & the Bunnymen". Allmusic. Retrieved 27 November 2009.
• "Tom Jones discography". BBC Wales. 2009. Retrieved 27 November 2009.
• The Beatles Anthology. 1995. Event occurs at Episode 7.
• "All You Need Is Love". The Beatles Bible. 2008. Archived from the original on 8 October 2008. Retrieved 12 October 2008.
• "The Our World TV Show". The Beatles Official Website. 2009. Archived from the original on 28 November 2009. Retrieved 27 November 2009.
• Cooper, William (2009). "Review of Worth by Anything Box". Allmusic. Retrieved 27 November 2009.
• Gilliland, John (1969). "Sergeant Pepper at the Summit: The very best of a very good year" (audio). Pop Chronicles. Digital.library.unt.edu.
• Lewisohn, Mark (1988). The Beatles Recording Sessions. New York: Harmony Books. ISBN 0-517-57066-1.
• Phares, Heather (2009). "Review of Love Actually - Original Soundtrack". Allmusic. Retrieved 27 November 2009.
• "RIAA Gold & Platinum Searchable Database - The Beatles Gold Singles". RIAA. 2009. Retrieved 20 July 2009.
• "The RS 500 Greatest Songs of All Time". Rolling Stone. 9 December 2004. Retrieved 26 November 2009.
• Torreano, Bradley. "Review of The 5th Dimension/Live!! by the 5th Dimension". Allmusic.
• Turner, Steve (2005). A Hard Day's Write: The Stories Behind Every Beatles Song (3rd ed.). New York: Harper Paperbacks. ISBN 0-06-084409-4.
• Unterberger, Richie (2006). The Unreleased Beatles: Music & Film. Hal Leonard Corporation. ISBN 978-0-87930-892-6.
• "Extras - All You Need Is Love / She Loves You". What Goes On. 2009. Retrieved 26 November 2009.
• Wright, Jade (2009). "Rock of Ages". BNET. Retrieved 27 November 2009.
• "Vinyl Records UK Catalog".

External links

• Alan W. Pollack's Notes on "All You Need Is Love"
• CoverTogether: "All You Need is Love" Cover Versions
• Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics