Alphonse Pyramus de Candolle

Alphonse Pyrame de Candolle
Alphonse Pyrame de Candolle
Born	28 October 1806 Paris, France
Died	4 April 1893 (aged 86) Geneva
Nationality	France Switzerland
Fields	botany
Institutions	University of Geneva
Influences	A. P. de Candolle
Influenced	Anne Casimir Pyrame de Candolle, Nikolai Vavilov
Notable awards	Linnean Medal (1889)
Author abbrev. (botany)	A.DC

Alphonse Louis Pierre Pyrame de Candolle (28 October 1806 – 4 April 1893) was a French-Swiss botanist, the son of the Swiss botanist Augustin Pyramus de Candolle.

He first devoted himself to the study of law, but gradually drifted to botany and finally succeeded to his father's chair at the University of Geneva. He published a number of botanical works, including continuations of the Prodromus in collaboration with his son, Anne Casimir Pyrame de Candolle. Among his other contributions is the formulation, based on his father's work for the Prodromus, of the first Laws of Botanical Nomenclature, which was adopted by the International Botanical Congress in 1867,^[1] and was the prototype of the current ICN.

He was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1859 and was awarded the Linnean Medal of the Linnean Society of London in 1889. He is also known for a study of the religious affiliations of foreign members of the French and British Academies of Science during the Scientific Revolution that demonstrated that in both academies Protestants were more heavily represented than Catholics by comparison with catchment populations. This observation continues to be used (for example in David Landes' 1999 _Wealth and Poverty of Nations, cf. revised paperback edition, 177) as a demonstration that Protestants were more inclined to be scientifically active during the Scientific Revolution than Roman Catholics.

In 1855 de Candolle published Géographie botanique raisonnée This was a ground-breaking book that for the first time brought together the large mass of data being collected by the expeditions of the time. The natural sciences had become highly specialized yet this book synthesized them to explain living organisms within their environment and why plants were distributed the way they were, all upon a geologic scale. This book had a significant impact upon Harvard botanist Asa Gray.^[2]

Works

• de Candolle, Alphonse (1855). Géographie botanique raisonnée. Paris: V. Masson.
• Candolle, Alphonse de - Lois de la nomenclature botanique adoptées par le Congrès international de botanique tenu à Paris en août 1867... Genève et Bale: H. Georg; Paris: J.-B. Baillière et fils, 1867. 64 p.
• Candolle, Alphonse de (Membre Corr. de l'Acad. Sciences, Paris; Foreign Member, Royal Soc, etc.) - Histoire des Sciences et des Savants depuis deux Siècles. Geneva, 1873.
• de Candolle, Alphonse (1885) [1882]. Origin of Cultivated Plants. New York: Appleton. Retrieved 19 February 2015. (First edition in French)

References

Notes

1. Nicolson, D.H. (1991). "A History of Botanical Nomenclature". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 78 (1): 33–56. doi:10.2307/2399589. JSTOR 2399589.
2. Dupree, A. Hunter (1988). Asa Gray, American Botanist, Friend of Darwin. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 235–236. ISBN 978-0-801-83741-8.
3. "Author Query for 'A.DC'". International Plant Names Index.

Sources

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Candolle, Augustin Pyrame de". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. (in article for his father)
• Fancher, R E (October 1983). "Alphonse de Candolle, Francis Galton, and the early history of the nature-nurture controversy". Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences 19 (4): 341–52. doi:10.1002/1520-6696(198310)19:4<341::aid-jhbs2300190403>3.0.co;2-7. PMID 11608560.
• de Morsier, G. (1972). "[Unpublished correspondence between Alphonse de Candolle (1806-1893) and Francis Galton (1822-1911)]". Gesnerus 29 (3): 129–60. PMID 4570878.

External links

• Works available at Botanicus