Graian Alps

Graian Alps
French: Alpes Grées, Italian: Alpi Graie
Highest point
Peak	Mont Blanc
Elevation	4,810.45 m (15,782.3 ft)
Coordinates	45°50′1″N 6°51′54″E / 45.83361°N 6.86500°E
Geography
Countries	France, Italy and Switzerland
States/Provinces	Rhône-Alpes, Piedmont, Aosta Valley and Valais
Range coordinates	45°30′N 7°10′E / 45.5°N 7.17°ECoordinates: 45°30′N 7°10′E / 45.5°N 7.17°E
Parent range	Alps
Borders on	List Cottian Alps Dauphiné Alps Savoy Prealps Bernese Alps Pennine Alps Po plain
Geology
Orogeny	Alpine orogeny

The Graian Alps (Italian: Alpi Graie [ˈalpi ˈɡraːje]; French: Alpes Grées [alp ɡʁe]) are a mountain range in the western part of the Alps.

Etymology

The name Graie comes from the Graioceli Celtic tribe, which dwelled in the area surrounding the Mont Cenis pass and the Viù valley.^[1] Other sources claim that the name comes from the Celtic "Graig" meaning rock/stone, literally the Rocky Mountains^[2]

Geography

The Graian Alps are located in France (Rhône-Alpes), Italy (Piedmont and the Aosta Valley), and Switzerland (western Valais).

The French side of the Graian Alps is drained by the river Isère (Tarentaise valley) and its tributary Arc (Maurienne valley), and by the Arve. The Italian side is drained by the rivers Dora Baltea, Orco and Stura di Lanzo, tributaries of the Po.

The Graian Alps can also be divided into the following four groups:

• the Mont Blanc group (north of the Little St Bernard Pass)
• the Central group (the watershed between the Little St Bernard Pass and the Col du Mont Cenis)
• the Western or French group,
• and the Eastern or Italian group.

Peaks

The main peaks of the Graian Alps are:

Mont Blanc group

Aiguille d'Argentière above the Saleina Glacier

Aiguille du Midi

Name	metres	feet		Name	metres	feet
Mont Blanc	4,810.45[3]	15,782		Aiguille du Tacul	3,438	11,280
Mont Maudit	4,471	14,669		Pointe d'Orny	3,274	10,742
Dôme du Goûter	4,331	14,210		Grandes Jorasses	4,205	13,797
Mont Favre	3,259	10,693		Aiguille Verte	4,127	13,541
Tour Sallière	3,227	10,588		Aiguille de Bionnassay	4,066	13,341
Pointe de Léchaud	3,127	10,260		Dent du Géant	4,013	13,166
Mont Buet	3,109	10,201		Aiguille de Tré la Tête	3,911	12,832
Mont Ruan	3,078	10,099		Aiguille d'Argentière	3,902	12,802
Pic de Tenneverge	2,982	9,784		Aiguille de Triolet	3,876	12,717
Aiguille du Belvédère (Aigs Rouges)	2,966	9,731		Aiguille du Midi	3,843	12,609
Crammont	2,737	8,980		Tour Noir	3,836	12,586
Pointe des Fours	2,719	8,921		Aiguille des Glaciers	3,834	12,579
Pointe du Colloney	2,692	8,832		Mont Dolent	3,823	12,543
Catogne	2,599	8,527		Aiguille du Chardonnet	3,822	12,540
Mont Joly	2,527	8,291		Aiguille du Dru	3,754	12,316
Brevent	2,525	8,284		Dômes de Miage	3,688	12,100
Pointe de Sales	2,494	8,183		Aiguille du Tour	3,540	11,615
Aiguille de Varan	2,488	8,163		Aiguille du Grépon	3,502	11,489
Mont Chetif	2,343	7,687		Aiguille des Charmoz	3,442	11,293

Central group

Rocciamelone

Name	metres	feet		Name	metres	feet
Pointe de Charbonnel	3760	12,336		Grande Aiguille Rousse	3482	11,424
Aiguille de la Grande Sassière	3751	12,306		Granta-Parey	3473	11,395
Uia di Ciamarella	3676	12,061		Roc du Moulinet	3469	11,382
Albaron	3638	11,936		Aiguille Pers	3451	11,323
Pointe de Ronce	3618	11,871		Cima dell' Auille??	3446	11,306
Levanna	3619	11,874		Pointe de la Galise	3345	10,975
Bec de l'Invergnan	3608	11,838		Pointe de la Traversière	3341	10,962
Tsanteleina	3606	11,831		Ormelune/Pointe d'Archeboc	3283	10,771
Bessanese	3597	11,801		Signal du Mont Iseran	3241	10,634
Croce Rossa	3566	11,703		Grand Assaly	3174	10,413
Punta d'Arnas	3540	11,615		Torre d'Ovarda	3075	10,089
Rocciamelone	3537	11,605		Dôme de Val d'Isère	3033	9951
Punta Chalanson	3530	11,582		Uia di Mondrone	2964	9725
Grande Traversière	3495	11,467		Monte Unghiasse	2939	9643
Testa del Rutor	3486	11,438		Monte Civrari	2302	7553

Eastern group

Name	metres	feet		Name	metres	feet
Gran Paradiso	4061	13,324		Punta Tersiva	3513	11,526
Grivola	3969	13,022		Punta Foura	3410	11,188
Herbétet	3778	12,396		Punta Sengie	3408	11,182
Torre del Gran San Pietro	3692	12,113		Punta Lavina	3308	10,854
Ciarforon	3665	12,025		Rosa dei Banchi	3164	10,381
Roccia Viva	3650	11,976		Becca di Nona	3142	10,309
Becca di Gay	3623	11,887		Punta Pousset	3046	9994
Monte Emilius	3559	11,677		Monte Marzo	2750	9023

Western group

Name	metres	feet		Name	metres	feet
Grande Casse	3855	12,648		Pointe de l'Échelle	3422	11,227
Mont Pourri	3779	12,398		Bellecôte	3417	11,211
Dent Parrachée	3697	12,129		Pointes de la Gliere	3386	11,109
Grande Motte	3653	11,985		Pointe de Méan Martin	3337	10,949
Dôme de l'Arpont	3601	11,808		Roche Chevrière	3252	10,669
Dôme de Chasseforêt	3586	11,765		Pointe de la Réchasse	3223	10,575
Aiguille de Péclet	3566	11,700		Petit Mont Blanc de Pralognan	2685	8809
Aiguille de Polset	3538	11,608		Mont Jovet	2563	8409
Pointe de la Sana	3436	11,273

Passes

Little St Bernard Pass

Iseran Pass

The main passes of the Graian Alps are shown in the table below. The group in which the pass is located is indicated with "MB" for Mont Blanc group, "C" for Central group, "E" for Eastern group, and "W" for Western group.

name	location	group	type	elevation (m/ft)
Col de la Brenva	Courmayeur to Chamonix	MB	snow	4,333	14,217
Col de Triolet	Chamonix to Courmayeur	MB	snow	3,691	12,110
Col d'Argentière	Chamonix to Orsières	MB	snow	3,516	11,536
Col de la Grande Rousse	Rhêmes Valley to Valgrisenche	C	snow	3500	11,483
Col de Talefre	Chamonix to Courmayeur	MB	snow	3,484	11,430
Col de Gebroulaz	Modane to Méribel	W	snow	3470	11,385
Col de Monel	Cogne to Locana	E	snow	3428	11,247
Col de Miage	Les Contamines to Courmayeur	MB	snow	3,376	11,077
Col du Géant	Chamonix to Courmayeur	MB	snow	3,371	11,060
Col du Grand Paradis	Ceresole Reale to Valsavarenche	E	snow	3349	10,988
Col du Charforon	Ceresole Reale to Valsavarenche	E	snow	3331	10,929
Col de Teleccio	Cogne to Locana	E	snow	3326	10,913
Col du Chardonnet	Chamonix to Orsières	MB	snow	3,325	10,909
Col de Lauzon	Cogne to the Valsavarenche	E	bridle path	3301	10,831
Col du Bouquetin	Bonneval-sur-Arc to Val d'Isère	C	snow	3300	10,827
Col de St Grat	Valgrisenche to La Thuile	C	snow	3300	10,827
Col du Tour	Chamonix to Orsières	MB	snow	3,280	10,762
Fenêtre de Saleinaz	Saleinaz Glacier to Trient Glacier	MB	snow	3,264	10,709
Col de l'Herbetet	Cogne to Valsavarenche	E	snow	3257	10,686
Col du Collerin	Bessans to Balme	C	snow	3202	10,506
Col du Grand Etret	Ceresole Reale to Valsavaranche	E	snow	3158	10,361
Col de Bassac	Rhêmes Valley to Valgrisenche	C	snow	3153	10,345
Col du Carro	Bonneval-sur-Arc to Ceresole Reale	C	snow	3140	10,302
Col d'Arbole	Cogne to Brissogne	E	snow	3137	10,292
Col de la Goletta	Val d'Isère to the Rhêmes Valley	C	snow	3120	10,237
Col de Rhêmes	Val d'Isère to the Rhêmes Valley	C	snow	3101	10,174
Col de la Grande Casse	Pralognan to Termignon	W	snow	3100	10,171
Col de Sea	Bonneval-sur-Arc to Forno Alpi Graie	C	snow	3083	10,115
Col de l'Autaret	Bessans to Usseglio	C	foot path	3070	10,073
Col de Girard	Bonneval-sur-Arc to Forno Alpi Graie	C	snow	3044	9987
Col Rosset	Valsavarenche to the Rhêmes Valley	C	bridle path	3024	9922
Col d'Arnas	Bessans to Balme	C	snow	3014	9889
Col de la Galise	Ceresole Reale to Val d'Isère	C	snow	2998	9836
Col de Sort	Valsavarenche to the Rhêmes Valley	E	bridle path	2967	9735
Quecees de Tignes	Val d'Isère to Termignon	W	snow	2940	9646
Col della Nouva	Cogne to Pont Canavese	E	bridle path	2933	9623
Col de Breuil	Bourg-Saint-Maurice to La Thuile	MB	snow	2,879	9,446
Col de Garin	Aosta to Cogne	E	foot path	2868	9411
Collarin d'Arnas	Balme to Usseglio	C	snow	2850	9351
Colle della Finestra	Rhêmes Valley to the Valgrisenche	C	foot path	2847	9341
Fenêtre de Champorcher	Cogne to Champorcher	E	bridle path	2838	9311
Col Vaudet	Sainte-Foy-Tarentaise to the Valgrisenche	C	foot path	2836	9305
Col de Bardoney	Cogne to Pont Canavese	E	snow	2833	9295
Col de Chaviere	Modane to Pralognan	W	foot path	2806	9206
Col de la Leisse	Tignes to Termignon	W	snow	2780	9121
Col de l'Iseran	Bonneval-sur-Arc to Val d'Isère	C	road	2769	9085
Ghicet di Sea	Balme to Forno Alpi Graie	C	foot path	2735	8973
Col de la Sachette	Tignes to Bourg-Saint-Maurice	W	foot path	2729	8954
Col du Palet	Tignes to Moûtiers or Bourg St Maurice	W	bridle path	2658	8721
Col du Mont	Ste Foy to the Valgrisenche	C	bridle path	2646	8681
Col du Nivolet	Ceresole Reale to the Valsavarenche	E	road	2641	8665
Colle della Crocetta	Ceresole Reale to Forno Alpi Graie	C	bridle path	2636	8649
Col de la Platiere	Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne to Moûtiers	W	bridle path	2600	8531
Col du Mont Tondu	Les Contamines to Courmayeur	MB	snow	2,590	8,498
Col Ferret	Courmayeur to Orsières	MB	bridle path	2,533	8,311
Col de la Vanoise	Pralognan to Termignon	W	bridle path	2527	8291
Col de la Seigne	Les Chapieux to Courmayeur	MB	bridle path	2,512	8,242
Col de Susanfe	Champéry to Salvan	MB	foot path	2,500	8,202
Col du Bonhomme	Contamines to Les Chapieux	MB	bridle path	2,483	8,147
Col de Sageroux	Sixt to Champéry	MB	foot path	2,413	7,917
Col des Encombres	Saint-Michel-de-Maurienne to Moûtiers	W	bridle path	2337	7668
Col d'Anterne	Sixt to Servoz	MB	bridle path	2,263	7,425
Col de Balme	Chamonix to the Trient Valley	MB	bridle path	2,201	7,221
Little St Bernard Pass	Aosta to Moûtiers	C	road	2188	7179
Mont Cenis	Modane to Susa	C	road	2083	6827
Col de la Madeleine	La Chambre to Moûtiers	W	road	1993	6509
Colle Checrouit	Courmayeur to the Lac de Combal	MB	bridle path	1,960	6,431
Col de Voza	Chamonix to Les Contamines	MB	bridle path	1,675	5,496
Col de la Forclaz (F)	Chamonix to Saint-Gervais	MB	bridle path	1,556	5,105
Col de la Forclaz (CH)	Argentière to Martigny	MB	road	1,520	4,987

Nature conservation

Alpine ibex.

The western group contains the Vanoise National Park, established in 1972 and covering 1250 km²;^[4] the eastern group contains the Gran Paradiso National Park, the oldest Italian national park.^[5] Also on the Italian side is located the Parco Regionale del Monte Avic, a nature park of 5,747 ha established by Regione Valle d'Aosta.^[6]

Maps

• Italian official cartography (Istituto Geografico Militare - IGM); on-line version: www.pcn.minambiente.it
• French official cartography (Institut Géographique National - IGN); on-line version: www.geoportail.fr
• Swiss official cartography (Swiss Federal Office of Topography - Swisstopo); on-line version: map.geo.admin.ch

See also

• Mont Blanc Massif
• Vanoise Massif
• Swiss Alps

References

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "^{article name needed}". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.

1. Il territorio piemontese nel periodo preromano, on-line text on www.leganordavigliana.com
2. Revue celtique de Toronto, Tome III
3. Mont Blanc shrinks by 45cm in two years
4. Les chiffres clés du Parc national de la Vanoise, National park official web-site www.parcnational-vanoise.fr (accessed on April 2012)
5. Il parco compie 90 anni, National park official web-site www.pngp.it (accessed on April 2012)
6. Parco del Mont Avic, home page on www.montavic.info (accessed on April 2012)

External links

• Ascents in Gran Paradiso group - Czech and English
• Graian Alps on Summitpost - English