Altafjord

Altafjord Altafjorden Alattionvuono
View of the fjord
Altafjord Location in Finnmark
Location	Alta Municipality, Finnmark
Coordinates	69°59′24″N 23°19′27″E / 69.9900°N 23.3242°ECoordinates: 69°59′24″N 23°19′27″E / 69.9900°N 23.3242°E
Basin countries	Norway
Max. length	38 kilometres (24 mi)
Islands	Årøya
Settlements	Alta

Altafjord (English: Alta Fjord;^[1][2][3] Norwegian: Altafjorden; Kven: Alattionvuono) is a fjord in Alta Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. The 38-kilometre (24 mi) long fjord stretches from the town of Alta in the south to the islands of Stjernøya and Seiland. The 200-kilometre (120 mi) long river Altaelva empties into the fjord at the town of Alta. At Stjernøya and Seiland islands, the fjord splits into two straits before emptying into the Norwegian Sea. Some of the larger side-branches off the main fjord include Langfjorden, Kåfjorden, and Korsfjorden.^[4][5]

The fjord was historically known as "Altenfjord", and was referred to as such by British historians throughout most of the 20th century.

History

Petroglyphs

Prehistoric culture

A large number of prehistoric rock carvings have been found along the fjord, particularly at the bay Jiepmaluokta. These locations at Kåfjord, Jiepmaluokta, and Amtmannsnes are assigned a UNESCO World Heritage Site.^[6][7] The petroglyphs are dated from 4,200 BC to 500 BC, based on old shorelines and nearby prehistoric settlements.^[8]

World War II

During World War II there was a German naval base along the Kåfjorden, which branches off the main Altafjord. The German battleship Tirpitz was based at the village of Kåfjord (along the Kåfjorden). It was subject to attacks by British X class midget submarines in September 1943 (Operation Source), and to air strikes in April (Operation Tungsten), July (Operation Mascot), August (Operation Goodwood) and September 1944 (Operation Paravane).

References

1. Halttunen, Elina et al. 2009. Survival, Migration Speed and Swimming Depth of Atlantic Salmon Kelts during Sea Entry and Fjord Migration. In: Stig S. Gezelius & Jesper Raakjær (eds.), Making Fisheries Management Work, pp. 35–50. Dordrecht: Springer, p. 42.
2. Woods, Edwin M. 2011. Between Latitudes. Bloomington, IN: iUniverse, p. 106.
3. Koop, Gerhard, & Klaus-Peter Schmolke. 2000. Heavy Cruisers of the Admiral Hipper Class: Warships of the Kriegsmarine. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing, p. 55.
4. Henriksen, Petter, ed. (2007). "Altafjorden". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 4 August 2009.
5. Henriksen, Petter, ed. (2007). "Altaelva". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 4 August 2009.
6. "The rock art of Alta". Alta Museum. Retrieved 5 August 2009.
7. Berg, Bjørn (2005). "The Concept of Nature: Rock Carvings and Shamanism in Arctic Norway" (PDF). Adoranten (Scandinavian Society of Prehistoric Art). Retrieved 5 August 2009.
8. Solberg, Bergljot (2007). "Alta-ristningene". In Henriksen, Petter. Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 6 August 2009.