Ammonia fungi

Ammonia fungi are fungi that develop fruit bodies exclusively or relatively abundantly on soil that has had ammonia or other nitrogen-containing materials added. The nitrogen materials react as bases by themselves, or after decomposition.^[1] The addition of ammonia or urea causes numerous chemical and biological changes, for examples, the pH of soil litter is increased to 8–10; the high alkaline conditions interrupts the process of nutrient recycling.^[2] The mechanisms of colonization, establishment, and occurrence of fruiting bodies of ammonia fungi has been researched in the field and the laboratory.^[3][4]

Species

• Ascobolus denudatus
• Calocybe leucocephala
• Coprinopsis cinerea
• Coprinopsis echinospora
• Coprinopsis neolagopus
• Coprinopsis neophlyctidospora^[5]
• Coprinopsis phlyctidospora
• Coprinopsis stercorea
• Crucispora rhombisperma
• Hebeloma luchuense^[6]
• Hebeloma radicosoides^[7]
• Hebeloma radicosum
• Hebeloma spoliatum
• Hebeloma vinosophyllum
• Laccaria amethystina^[8]
• Laccaria bicolor^[9]
• Sagaranella tylicolor

References

1. Sagara N. (1975). "Ammonia fungi – a chemoecological grouping of terrestrial fungi". Contributions of the Biology Lab of Kyoto 24: 205–76.
2. Soponsathien S. (1998). "Some characteristics of ammonia fungi 1. In relation to their ligninolytic enzyme activities". The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology 44 (5): 337–345. doi:10.2323/jgam.44.337. PMID 12501413. Retrieved 2009-04-19.
3. Suzuki A. (2006). "Experimental and physiological ecology of ammonia fungi: studies using natural substances and artificial media". Mycoscience 47: 3–17. doi:10.1007/s10267-005-0270-8.
4. Sagara N, Yamanaka K, Tibbett M, Carter DJ, Tibbett M. (2008). "Soil fungi associated with graves and latrines: toward a forensic mycology". Soil Analysis in Forensic Taphonomy: Chemical and Biological Effects of Buried Human Remains. Boca Raton: CRC. pp. 67–107. ISBN 1-4200-6991-8.
5. Raut JK, Suzuki A, Fukiharu T, Shimizu K, Kawamoto S, Tanaka C. (2011). "Coprinopsis neophlyctidospora sp. nov., a new ammonia fungus from boreal forests in Canada". Mycotaxon 115: 227–38. doi:10.5248/115.227.
6. Fukiharu T, Hongo T. (1995). "Ammonia fungi of Iriomote Island in the southern Ryukyus, Japan and a new ammonia fungus, Hebeloma luchuense". Mycoscience 36 (4): 425–30. doi:10.1007/BF02268627.
7. Sagara N, Hongo T, Murakami Y, Hashimoto T, Nagamasu H, Fukiharu T, Asakawa Y. (2000). "Hebeloma radicosoides sp. nov., an agaric belonging to the chemoecological group ammonia fungi". Mycological Research 104 (8): 1017–24. doi:10.1017/S0953756299002439.
8. Imamura A. (2001). "Report on Laccaria amethystina, newly confirmed as an ammonia fungus". Mycoscience 42: 623–25. doi:10.1007/BF02460961.
9. Mueller GM. (1992). Systematics of Laccaria (Agaricales) in the Continental United States and Canada, with discussions on extralimital taxa and descriptions of extant types. Chicago, Illinois: Field Museum of Natural History.