Amnionless

Amnion associated transmembrane protein
Identifiers
Symbols	AMN ; PRO1028; amnionless
External IDs	OMIM: 605799 MGI: 1934943 HomoloGene: 12804 GeneCards: AMN Gene
Gene ontology Molecular function • receptor binding Cellular component • extracellular space • plasma membrane • endosome membrane • integral component of membrane • apical plasma membrane • endocytic vesicle • extracellular exosome Biological process • vitamin metabolic process • water-soluble vitamin metabolic process • receptor-mediated endocytosis • multicellular organismal development • excretion • cobalamin metabolic process • cobalamin transport • lipoprotein metabolic process • Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport • small molecule metabolic process Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	81693	93835
Ensembl	ENSG00000166126	ENSMUSG00000021278
UniProt	Q9BXJ7	Q99JB7
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_030943	NM_033603
RefSeq (protein)	NP_112205	NP_291081
Location (UCSC)	Chr 14: 102.92 – 102.93 Mb	Chr 12: 111.27 – 111.28 Mb
PubMed search

Amnionless is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AMN gene.^[1][2]

Function

A complex of amnionless and cubilin forms the cubam receptor.

The protein encoded by this gene is a type I transmembrane protein. It is thought to modulate bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor function by serving as an accessory or coreceptor, and thus facilitates or hinders BMP binding. It is known that the mouse AMN gene is expressed in the extraembryonic visceral endoderm layer during gastrulation, but it is found to be mutated in amnionless mouse. The encoded protein has sequence similarity to short gastrulation (Sog) and procollagen IIA proteins in Drosophila.^[2]

References

1. Kalantry S, Manning S, Haub O, Tomihara-Newberger C, Lee HG, Fangman J, Disteche CM, Manova K, Lacy E (Mar 2001). "The amnionless gene, essential for mouse gastrulation, encodes a visceral-endoderm-specific protein with an extracellular cysteine-rich domain". Nat Genet 27 (4): 412–6. doi:10.1038/86912. PMID 11279523.
2. "Entrez Gene: AMN amnionless homolog (mouse)".

Further reading

• Kozyraki R, Gofflot F (2008). "Multiligand endocytosis and congenital defects: roles of cubilin, megalin and amnionless.". Curr. Pharm. Des. 13 (29): 3038–46. doi:10.2174/138161207782110507. PMID 17979745.
• Wang X, Bornslaeger EA, Haub O; et al. (1996). "A candidate gene for the amnionless gastrulation stage mouse mutation encodes a TRAF-related protein.". Dev. Biol. 177 (1): 274–90. doi:10.1006/dbio.1996.0162. PMID 8660894.
• Tomihara-Newberger C, Haub O, Lee HG; et al. (1999). "The amn gene product is required in extraembryonic tissues for the generation of middle primitive streak derivatives.". Dev. Biol. 204 (1): 34–54. doi:10.1006/dbio.1998.9034. PMID 9851841.
• Dunn NR, Hogan BL (2001). "How does the mouse get its trunk?". Nat. Genet. 27 (4): 351–2. doi:10.1038/86829. PMID 11279507.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH; et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
• Tanner SM, Aminoff M, Wright FA; et al. (2003). "Amnionless, essential for mouse gastrulation, is mutated in recessive hereditary megaloblastic anemia.". Nat. Genet. 33 (3): 426–9. doi:10.1038/ng1098. PMID 12590260.
• Clark HF, Gurney AL, Abaya E; et al. (2003). "The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment.". Genome Res. 13 (10): 2265–70. doi:10.1101/gr.1293003. PMC 403697. PMID 12975309.
• Fyfe JC, Madsen M, Højrup P; et al. (2004). "The functional cobalamin (vitamin B12)-intrinsic factor receptor is a novel complex of cubilin and amnionless.". Blood 103 (5): 1573–9. doi:10.1182/blood-2003-08-2852. PMID 14576052.
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T; et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.
• Tsang HT, Connell JW, Brown SE; et al. (2006). "A systematic analysis of human CHMP protein interactions: additional MIT domain-containing proteins bind to multiple components of the human ESCRT III complex.". Genomics 88 (3): 333–46. doi:10.1016/j.ygeno.2006.04.003. PMID 16730941.