Amphiura

Amphiura
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Echinodermata
Subphylum:	Eleutherozoa
Class:	Ophiuroidea
Order:	Ophiurida
Suborder:	Gnathophiurina
Family:	Amphiuridae
Genus:	Amphiura Forbes, 1843
Species
see text.

Amphiura is a large genus of brittle stars (Ophiuroidea) found in oceans worldwide from tropics to Arctic and Antarctic regions.

Systematics and phylogeny

Amphiura is a large genus that is currently divided into the following six subgenera: Amphioplus, Amphiura, Fellaria, Ophionema, Ophiopelte and Ophiopeltis. The once used subgenus Acrocnida has been elevated to a genus rank. Fossil record of the genus date back to Turonian (Amphiura plana).^[1]

Species

Extant species include:^[2][3]

Amphiura acacia Amphiura accedens Amphiura acrisia Amphiura adjecta Amphiura aestuarii Amphiura affinis Amphiura africana Amphiura agitata Amphiura alba Amphiura albella Amphiura algida Amphiura ambigua Amphiura amokurae Amphiura angularis Amphiura annulifera Amphiura anomala Amphiura anster Amphiura antarctica Amphiura arcystata Amphiura argentea Amphiura aster Amphiura atlantica Amphiura atlantidea Amphiura belgicae Amphiura bellis Amphiura benthica Amphiura beringiana Amphiura bidentata Amphiura bihamula Amphiura borealis Amphiura bountyia Amphiura brachyactis Amphiura brevipes Amphiura brevispina Amphiura callida Amphiura canadensis Amphiura candida Amphiura caparti Amphiura capensis Amphiura carchara Amphiura carnea Amphiura catephes Amphiura celata Amphiura ceramis Amphiura cherbonnieri Amphiura chiajei Amphiura clausadae Amphiura coacta Amphiura commutata Amphiura complanata Amphiura concinna Amphiura concolor Amphiura confinis Amphiura consors Amphiura constricta Amphiura corona Amphiura crassipes Amphiura crispa Amphiura crossota Amphiura crypta Amphiura dacunhae Amphiura debilis Amphiura deficiens Amphiura deichmanni Amphiura dejecta Amphiura dejectoides Amphiura delamarei Amphiura demissa

Amphiura diacritica Amphiura diastata Amphiura diducta Amphiura digitula Amphiura dino Amphiura diomedeae Amphiura dispar Amphiura divaricata Amphiura dolia Amphiura duncani Amphiura ecnomiotata Amphiura elandiformis Amphiura eugeniae Amphiura eugenioides Amphiura exigua Verrill Amphiura fasciata Amphiura fibulata Amphiura ficta Amphiura filiformis Amphiura flexuosa Amphiura florifera Amphiura fragilis Amphiura frigida Amphiura gastracantha Amphiura glabra Amphiura goniodes Amphiura griegi Amphiura gymnogastra Amphiura gymnopora Amphiura heptacantha Amphiura heraldica Amphiura hilaris Amphiura immira Amphiura incana Amphiura inepta Amphiura ingolfiana Amphiura inhacensis Amphiura instans Amphiura iridoides Amphiura joubini Amphiura kalki Amphiura kandai Amphiura kinbergi Amphiura koreae Amphiura lanceolata Amphiura latispina Amphiura leptodoma Amphiura leptotata Amphiura leucaspis Amphiura levidevaspis Amphiura linearis Amphiura lorioli Amphiura luetkeni Amphiura lunaris Amphiura lymani Amphiura macrostyalia Amphiura maculata Amphiura madecassae Amphiura magellanica Amphiura magnisquama Amphiura maxima Amphiura mediterranea Amphiura megalaspi Amphiura micra Amphiura micraspis Amphiura microplax Amphiura microsoma

Amphiura modesta Amphiura monorima Amphiura morosa Amphiura muelleri Amphiura multiremula Amphiura multispina Amphiura murex Amphiura nannodes Amphiura nociva Amphiura norae Amphiura notacantha Amphiura octacantha Amphiura otteri Amphiura pachybactra Amphiura papillata Amphiura parviscutata Amphiura perita Amphiura plantei Amphiura poecila Amphiura polita Amphiura polyacantha Amphiura praefecta Amphiura princeps Amphiura proposita Amphiura protecta Amphiura psilopora Amphiura ptena Amphiura pusilla Amphiura pycnostoma Amphiura rathbuni Amphiura reloncavii Amphiura repens Amphiura retusa Amphiura richardi Amphiura sarsi Amphiura scabiuscula Amphiura scabriuscula Amphiura sculpta Amphiura securigera Amphiura semiermis Amphiura seminuda Amphiura senegalensis Amphiura septa Amphiura septemspinosa Amphiura serpentina Amphiura sexradiata Amphiura simonsi Amphiura sinicola Amphiura spinipes Amphiura stepanovi Amphiura stictacantha Amphiura stimpsoni Amphiura subtilis Amphiura sundevalli Amphiura syntaracha Amphiura tenuis Amphiura tessellata Amphiura trachydisca Amphiura triaina Amphiura trisacantha Amphiura tumulosa Amphiura tutanekai Amphiura uncinata Amphiura ungulata Amphiura unicinata Amphiura ushakovi Amphiura vadicola Amphiura velox Amphiura verrilli Amphiura verticillata

References

1. Storc, The ophiuroid Amphiura? plana in nearshore settings of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin (Czech Republic)R.Geologia Carpathica,Vol.55, No 1(2004)
2. MarineSpecies.org - Amphiura Forbes, 1843
3. Branch, G.M., Branch, M.L, Griffiths, C.L. and Beckley, L.E. 2010. Two Oceans: a guide to the marine life of southern Africa ISBN 978-1-77007-772-0