Amynodontidae

Amynodontidae Temporal range: Late Eocene–Early Miocene PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
Gigantamynodon, Metamynodon, Cadurcodon
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Perissodactyla
Family:	†Amynodontidae
Genera[1]
see text
Range of Amynodontidae based on fossil record

Tooth paratype of Cadurcotherium nouleti – MHNT

Zaisanamynodon protheroi

Amynodontidae ("threatening tooth")^[2] is a family of extinct perissodactyls related to true rhinoceroses, they are commonly portrayed as semiaquatic hippo-like rhinos^[3][4] but this description only fits members of the Metamynodontini, other groups of amynodonts like the cadurcodontines had more typical ungulate proportions and convergently evolved a tapir-like proboscis. Their fossils have been found in North America, Europe and Asia ranging in age from the Middle Eocene to the Early Oligocene, with a single genus (Cadurcotherium) surviving into the Late Oligocene in South Asia (Pakistan).^[5]

Taxonomy

†Amynodontidae

• Subfamily Amynodontinae
  • Tribe Cadurcodontini
    • Genus Cadurcodon
    • Genus Lushiamynodon
    • Genus Sharamynodon
    • Genus Sianodon
  • Tribe Metamynodontini
    • Genus Gigantamynodon
    • Genus Metamynodon
    • Genus Paramynodon
    • Genus Zaisanamynodon
  • Tribe incertae sedis
    • Genus Amynodon
• Subfamily incertae sedis
  • Genus Amynodontopsis
  • Genus Armania
  • Genus Cadurcamynodon
  • Genus Cadurcopsis
  • Genus Cadurcotherium
  • Genus Caenolophus
  • Genus Euryodon
  • Genus Hypsamynodon
  • Genus Megalamynodon
  • Genus Mesamynodon
  • Genus Penetrigonias
  • Genus Procadurcodon
  • Genus Rostriamynodon
  • Genus Teilhardia
  • Genus Toxotherium

References

1. McKenna, M. C, and S. K. Bell (1997). Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-11012-X.
2. American Museum of Natural History, "Perissodactyls Glossary"
3. Savage, RJG, & Long, MR (1986). Mammal Evolution: an illustrated guide. New York: Facts on File. p. 194. ISBN 0-8160-1194-X.
4. Palmer, D., ed. (1999). The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals. London: Marshall Editions. p. 264. ISBN 1-84028-152-9.
5. Wall, William P. (1989). "The phylogenetic history and adaptive radiation of the Amynodontidae". In Prothero, Donald R; Schoch, Robert M. The Evolution of perissodactyls. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195060393.