Androsace

Androsace
Androsace laevigata in Olympic National Park, United States
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Asterids
Order: Ericales
Family: Primulaceae
Genus: Androsace
L.
Sections

Andraspis
Aretia

Subsection Aretia
Subsection Dicranothrix

Aizoidium
Douglasia[1]
Chamaejasme

Subsection Chamaejasmoidea
Subsection Villosae

Pseudoprimula
Vitaliana[1]

Androsace is a genus in the family Primulaceae, second only to Primula in number of species.[2] It is a predominantly Arctic–alpine genus with many species in the Himalayas (where the genus originated), the mountains of central Asia, the Caucasus, and the southern and central European mountain systems, particularly the Alps and the Pyrenees.

Plants of this genus are sometimes known as rock jasmines or fairy candelabras and are widely cultivated for their dense cushions covered in white or pink flowers. There are about 110 species.[3][4]

Taxonomy

Recent molecular studies show that the genera Douglasia (found in north-western North America and easternmost Siberia), Pomatosace (an Himalayan endemic) and Vitaliana (a European endemic) are nested within Androsace.[2][5] Phylogenetic studies have also demonstrated that the ancestor of Androsace first appeared about 35 Mya ago and was most probably an annual species.[6] Evolution towards the denser morphology of cushions took place two times independently in Asia and in Europe.[6]

Species

The Plant List recognises the following 170 species, including those formerly placed in Douglasia:[7]

  • Androsace adenocephala Hand.-Mazz.
  • Androsace adfinis Biroli
  • Androsace aflatunensis Ovcz.
  • Androsace aizoon Duby
  • Androsace akbaitalensis Derganc ex O. Fedtsch.
  • Androsace alaica Ovcz. & S. B. Astan.
  • Androsace alaschanica Maxim.
  • Androsace alaskana Coville & Standl. ex Hultén
  • Androsace albana Steven
  • Androsace alchemilloides Franch.
  • Androsace alpina (L.) Lam.
  • Androsace americana Wendelbo
  • Androsace amurensis Prob.
  • Androsace apus Franch. ex R. Knuth
  • Androsace × aretioides A. Kern.
  • Androsace armeniaca Duby
  • Androsace axillaris (Franch.) Franch.
  • Androsace baltistanica Y. J. Nasir
  • Androsace beringensis (S. Kelso, Jurtzev & D. F. Murray) Cubey
  • Androsace bidentata K. Koch
  • Androsace bisulca Bureau & Franch.
  • Androsace brachystegia Hand.-Mazz.
  • Androsace brahmaputrae Hand.-Mazz.
  • Androsace brevis (Hegetschw.) Ces.
  • Androsace bryomorpha Lipsky
  • Androsace bulleyana Forrest
  • Androsace caduca Ovcz.
  • Androsace caespitosa Lehm. ex Spreng.
  • Androsace cernuiflora Y. C. Yang & R. F. Huang
  • Androsace chaixii Gren. & Godr.
  • Androsace chamaejasme Wulfen
  • Androsace ciliata DC.
  • Androsace ciliifolia Ludlow
  • Androsace cinerascens B. L. Rob.
  • Androsace constancei Wendelbo
  • Androsace cordifolia Wall.
  • Androsace coronata (Watt) Hand.-Mazz.
  • Androsace cortusifolia Nakai
  • Androsace croftii Watt
  • Androsace cuscutiformis Franch.
  • Androsace cuttingii C. E. C. Fisch.
  • Androsace cylindrica DC.
  • Androsace darvasica Ovcz.
  • Androsace delavayi Franch.
  • Androsace dielsiana R. Knuth
  • Androsace dissecta (Franch.) Franch.
  • Androsace diversifolia C. Y. Wu
  • Androsace duthieana R. Knuth
  • Androsace elatior Pax & K. Hoffm.
  • Androsace elongata L.
  • Androsace engleri R. Knuth
  • Androsace erecta Maxim.
  • Androsace eritrichioides Gand.
  • Androsace × escheri Brügger
  • Androsace euryantha Hand.-Mazz.
  • Androsace exscapa (Turcz.) Maximova
  • Androsace fedtschenkoi Ovcz.
  • Androsace filiformis Retz.
  • Androsace flavescens Maxim.
  • Androsace foliosa Duby
  • Androsace forrestiana Hand.-Mazz.
  • Androsace gagnepainiana Hand.-Mazz.
  • Androsace geraniifolia Watt
  • Androsace globifera Duby
  • Androsace globiferoides (Kunth) Hand.-Mazz.
  • Androsace gmelinii (L.) Roem. & Schult.
  • Androsace gorodkovii Ovcz. & Karav.
  • Androsace graceae Forrest ex W. W. Sm.
  • Androsace gracilis Hand.-Mazz.
  • Androsace graminifolia C. E. C. Fisch.
  • Androsace halleri L.
  • Androsace handel-mazzettii Kress
  • Androsace harrissii Duthie
  • Androsace hausmannii Leyb.
  • Androsace hazarica R. R. Stewart ex Y. J. Nasir
  • Androsace hedreantha Griseb.
  • Androsace × heeri W. D. J. Koch
  • Androsace helvetica (L.) All.
  • Androsace hemisphaerica Ludlow
  • Androsace henryi Oliv.
  • Androsace hohxilensis R. F. Huang & S. K. Wu
  • Androsace hookeriana Klatt
  • Androsace hopeiensis Nakai
  • Androsace × hybrida A. Kern.
  • Androsace idahoensis (Douglass M. Hend.) Cubey
  • Androsace integra (Maxim.) Hand.-Mazz.
  • Androsace intermedia Ledeb.
  • Androsace jacquemontii Duby
  • Androsace khokhrjakovii Mazurenko
  • Androsace komovensis Schönsw. & Schneew.
  • Androsace kouytchensis Bonati
  • Androsace kuczerovii Knjaz.
  • Androsace kuvajevii Mazurenko
  • Androsace lactea L.
  • Androsace laevigata (A. Gray) Wendelbo
  • Androsace laggeri A. Huet
  • Androsace lanuginosa Wall.
  • Androsace laxa C. M. Hu & Y. C. Yang
  • Androsace lehmanniana Spreng.
  • Androsace limprichtii Pax & K. Hoffm.
  • Androsace longifolia Turcz.
  • Androsace lowariensis Y. J. Nasir
  • Androsace ludlowiana Hand.-Mazz.
  • Androsace mairei H. Lév.
  • Androsace × marpensis G. F. Sm.
  • Androsace mathildae Levier
  • Androsace maxima L.
  • Androsace medifissa Y. L. Chen & Y. C. Yang
  • Androsace minor (Hand.-Mazz.) C. M. Hu & Y. C. Yang
  • Androsace mirabilis Franch.
  • Androsace mollis Hand.-Mazz.
  • Androsace montana (A. Gray) Wendelbo
  • Androsace mucronifolia Watt
  • Androsace multiscapa Duby
  • Androsace muscoidea Duby
  • Androsace nivalis (Lindl.) Wendelbo
  • Androsace nortonii Ludlow
  • Androsace obtusifolia All.
  • Androsace occidentalis Pursh
  • Androsace ochotensis Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.
  • Androsace ojhorensis Y. J. Nasir
  • Androsace ovalifolia Y. C. Yang
  • Androsace ovczinnikovii Schischk. & Bobrov
  • Androsace pavlovskyi Ovcz.
  • Androsace paxiana R. Knuth
  • Androsace × pedemontana Rchb.
  • Androsace phaeoblephara Hand.-Mazz.
  • Androsace podlechii Wendelbo
  • Androsace poissonii R. Knuth
  • Androsace pomeiensis C. M. Hu & Y. C. Yang
  • Androsace pubescens DC.
  • Androsace pyrenaica Lam.
  • Androsace refracta Hand.-Mazz.
  • Androsace rhizomatosa Hand.-Mazz.
  • Androsace rigida Hand.-Mazz.
  • Androsace rockii W. E. Evans
  • Androsace rotundifolia Hardw.
  • Androsace runcinata Hand.-Mazz.
  • Androsace russellii Y. J. Nasir
  • Androsace salasii Kurtz
  • Androsace sarmentosa Wall.
  • Androsace selago Hook. f. & Thomson ex Klatt
  • Androsace sempervivoides Jacq. ex Duby
  • Androsace septentrionalis L.
  • Androsace sericea Ovcz.
  • Androsace sessiliflora Turrill
  • Androsace similis Craib
  • Androsace spinulifera (Franch.) R. Knuth
  • Androsace squarrosula Maxim.
  • Androsace staintonii Y. J. Nasir
  • Androsace stenophylla (Petitm.) Hand.-Mazz.
  • Androsace strigillosa Franch.
  • Androsace sublanata Hand.-Mazz.
  • Androsace sutchuenensis Franch.
  • Androsace tanggulashanensis Y. C. Yang & R. F. Huang
  • Androsace tapete Maxim.
  • Androsace tibetica (Maxim.) R. Knuth
  • Androsace tonkinensis Bonati
  • Androsace tribracteata R. F. Huang
  • Androsace tschuktschorum R. Knuth
  • Androsace umbellata (Lour.) Merr.
  • Androsace vandellii (Turra) Chiov.
  • Androsace vegae R. Knuth
  • Androsace villosa L.
  • Androsace wardii W. W. Sm.
  • Androsace wilsoniana Hand.-Mazz.
  • Androsace wulfeniana (Sieber ex Koch) Rchb.
  • Androsace yargongensis Petitm.
  • Androsace zambalensis (Petitm.) Hand.-Mazz.
  • Androsace zayulensis Hand.-Mazz.

References

  1. 1 2 Douglasia and Vitaliana were formerly treated as separate genera.
  2. 1 2 Gerald M. Schneeweiss, Peter Schönswetter, Sylvia Kelso & Harald Niklfeld (2004). "Complex biogeographic patterns in Androsace (Primulaceae) and related genera: evidence from phylogenetic analyses of nuclear internal transcribed spacer and plastid trnL-F sequences" (PDF). Systematic Biology 53 (6): 856–876. doi:10.1080/10635150490522566. JSTOR 4135374. PMID 15764556.
  3. ↑ Jepson Manual Treatment
  4. ↑ Flora of China
  5. ↑ Trift I., Anderberg A. A. and Källersjö M. 2002. The monophyly of Primula (Primulaceae) evaluated by analysis of sequences from the chloroplast gene rbcL. Systematic Botany 27(2):396-407
  6. 1 2 Florian C. Boucher, Wilfried Thuiller, Cristina Roquet, Rolland Douzet, Serge Aubert, Nadir Alvarez & Sébastien Lavergne (2012). "Reconstructing the origins of high-alpine niches and cushion life form in the genus Androsace s.l. (Primulaceae)" (PDF proof). Evolution 66 (4): 1255–1268. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01483.x.
  7. ↑ "Androsace". The Plant List. Retrieved 1 December 2015.

External links

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