Anicia Faltonia Proba

Anicia Faltonia Proba (died in Africa, 432) was a Roman noblewoman of the gens Anicia.

Biography

Proba's father was Quintus Clodius Hermogenianus Olybrius^[1] (consul in 379); the famous poet Faltonia Betitia Proba was a relative. She married Sextus Petronius Probus (consul in 371), and had three sons - Anicius Hermogenianus Olybrius and Anicius Probinus, joint consuls in 395, and Anicius Petronius Probus consul in 406 - and one daughter, Anicia Proba. Her son Olybrius married Anicia Iuliana, and his daughter Demetrias was Proba's granddaughter. She was related to the aristocratic families of the Petronii, Olybrii and Anicii; in two inscriptions dating to 395 she is described as daughter, wife and mother of consuls.^[2]

In 395 she was already a widow. A Christian, she was in contact with several members of the cultural circles of her age, among which Augustine of Hippo^[3] and John Chrysostom,^[4] in favour of whom she acted.

Proba was in Rome during the sack of the city in 410; according to Procopius of Caesarea, she opened the gates of the city to relieve the sufferings of the people besieged,^[5] but historians have suggested that this story was forged by her enemies.^[6] She then fled to Africa with her daughter-in-law Anicia Iuliana and her granddaughter Demetrias, but here she was abused by Heraclianus, who imprisoned and then freed them only after receiving a huge sum.^[7]

Proba inherited several possessions in Asia, and sold them to give the money to the Church and to the poor. She died in Africa in 432; it is known that her husband had been buried in the Old St. Peter's Basilica in a tomb where Proba was to be buried too.^[8]

As several other women in her family, Proba was well-educated. Her grandmother, Faltonia Betitia Proba, was a poet. Anicia probably composed the epigraph in honour of the husband, and her granddaughter Demetrias was a friend of Jerome's, who describes her as well educated.

Notes

1. Jones.
2. CIL VI, 1754; CIL VI, 1754.
3. Augustine addressed to Proba his letters number 130 and 131, to Proba and her daughter-in-law Anicia Iuliana his letter number 150, and cited Proba in De bono vid. (24).
4. John wrote to Proba his letter number 169.
5. Procopius of Caesarea, Bellum Vandalicum, I.2.27
6. P. Laurence, "Proba, Juliana et Démétrias. Le christianisme des femmes de la "gens Anicia" dans la première moitié du V^e siècle", in REAug, 48 (2002), pp. 142-4.
7. Jerome, Epistles, 130.
8. CLE 1347 A.

Bibliography

Primary sources

• CIL VI, 1754; CIL VI, 1755; CIL VI, 1756; CIL VI, 32032=CIL XXV, 7158; CIL XXV, 7159

Secondary sources

• Arnold Hugh Martin Jones, John Martindale, John Morris: The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire (PLRE). Vol. 1, Cambridge 1971, pp. 732–733.
• Jane Stevenson: Women Latin Poets. Oxford University Press, 2005, p. 65.